from IPython.core.display import display, HTML
display(HTML("<style>.container { width:98% !important; }</style>"))
display(HTML("<style>.output_result { max-width:98% !important; }</style>"))

Code

Imports

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime
from collections import Counter
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.util import ngrams, bigrams, trigrams
import statistics as stat
import seaborn as sns
import re
from nltk.stem.wordnet import WordNetLemmatizer
import plotly.colors as colors
import dataframe_image as dfi

# Set default color palette
colors_plotly_default = colors.qualitative.Plotly

main_path_mac = '/Users/philippmetzger/Documents/GitHub/battery_patents/'
main_path_ssd = '/Volumes/Samsung Portable SSD T3 Media/'

import sys
packages_path = main_path_mac+'/07 Packages'
sys.path.append(packages_path)

from helpers import (current_time_string,
                              image_saver,
                              country_labels_dict,
                              ctry_code_name_dict,
                              message,
                              numbers_dict)

Read the whole dataset and reduce it to what we are interested in

# Read the whole dataset
dataset_name = 'data_batteries_2022-01-26_1852'

path = main_path_ssd+'Dataset saves/04 From 15 Nov 2021 (release of 2021 Autumn edition)/01 Preprocessed/03 final - technologies tagged/'+dataset_name+'.csv'

print('Loading data from:')
print(path)

data = pd.read_csv(path, delimiter = ";", low_memory = False, na_values=['', ' ', '  '], keep_default_na = False)

print('Number of rows:', len(data))

print('Distinct values in column "granted":', pd.unique(data['granted']))

# Reduce it to non active parts, electrodes, secondary cells, charging, redox flow, and Nickel-Hydrogen
a = (data['non_active_parts_electrodes_secondary_cells'] == 1)
b = (data['charging'] == 1)
c = (data['is_Redox flow'] == 1)
d = (data['is_Nickel–hydrogen'] == 1)

data_reduced = data[a | b | c | d].copy()
del data
data = data_reduced

# Futher reduce it to IPFs only
data_ipf = data[data['tag'] == 'IPF'].copy()
ipf_percentage = (len(set(data_ipf['docdb_family_id'])) / len(set(data['docdb_family_id']))) * 100
print('Percentage of IPFs in relation to all battery patent families:'+str(round(ipf_percentage, 2))+'%')
del data
data = data_ipf

Loading data from:
/Volumes/Samsung Portable SSD T3 Media/Dataset saves/04 From 15 Nov 2021 (release of 2021 Autumn edition)/01 Preprocessed/03 final - technologies tagged/data_batteries_2022-01-26_1852.csv
Number of rows: 4086532
Distinct values in column "granted": ['N' 'Y']
Percentage of IPFs in relation to all battery patent families:19.41%

Sort it by ['dobdb_family_id', 'earliest_publn_date']

data = data.sort_values(by = ['docdb_family_id', 'earliest_publn_date'])

Reduce to years we are interested in

print(set(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']))

{1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019}

data_reduced = data[data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id'] >= 2000].copy()
del data
data = data_reduced

print(set(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']))

{2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019}

only_granted = False

In appln_abstract and appln_title: Replace NaNs with ' '

data['appln_abstract'].fillna('  ', inplace=True)
data['appln_title'].fillna('  ', inplace=True)

Just a comment

I got confused because "alkaline" comes up in the terms with decreasing frequency.

Probably because there are also Secondary Alkaline Batteries.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/secondary-alkaline-battery (2009):

"In the future, secondary alkaline batteries will come under increasing competitive pressure from lithium-ion systems in an expanding number of applications."

Infer our time frame from data

year_begin = min(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id'])
year_end = max(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id'])

years = list(range(year_begin, year_end + 1))
print(years)

[2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019]

Of every family, keep only the last english, non-nan title and abstract

family_ids = pd.unique(data['docdb_family_id'])

# Create two dictionaries containing an empty set for each year
titles_dict = {}
abstracts_dict = {} 
for year in years:
    
    titles_dict[year] = set()
    abstracts_dict[year] = set()
    
for family_id in tqdm(family_ids):
    
    data_this_family_id = data[data['docdb_family_id']==family_id]
    
    earliest_publn_year_this_family_id = list(set(data_this_family_id['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']))[0]
    
    
    # Get titles
    
    titles_this_family_id = list(pd.unique(data_this_family_id[
        data_this_family_id['appln_title_lg']=='en'
    ]['appln_title']))
    try:
        titles_this_family_id.remove('  ')
    except:
        pass
    
    try:
        last_title_this_family_id = titles_this_family_id[-1]
    except:
        pass
    
    titles_dict[earliest_publn_year_this_family_id].add(last_title_this_family_id)
    
    
    # Get abstracts
    
    abstracts_this_family_id = list(pd.unique(data_this_family_id[
        data_this_family_id['appln_abstract_lg']=='en'
    ]['appln_abstract']))
    try:
        abstracts_this_family_id.remove('  ')
    except:
        pass
    
    try:
        last_abstract_this_family_id = abstracts_this_family_id[-1]
    except:
        pass
    
    abstracts_dict[earliest_publn_year_this_family_id].add(last_abstract_this_family_id)
    

Get titles and abstracts counts for each year

titles_counts = []
for year in list(titles_dict):
    titles_counts.append(len(titles_dict[year]))

print(titles_counts)

[939, 1135, 1105, 1151, 1243, 1501, 1818, 2002, 2298, 2627, 3126, 4622, 5970, 6614, 7040, 6929, 6968, 7562, 8513, 9523]

abstracts_counts = []
for year in list(abstracts_dict):
    abstracts_counts.append(len(abstracts_dict[year]))

print(abstracts_counts)

[975, 1164, 1132, 1191, 1288, 1566, 1955, 2147, 2480, 2808, 3376, 5152, 6757, 7463, 7936, 7733, 7830, 8438, 9677, 11016]

Write counts in a dataframe and normalise them

# Read total yearly counts and add column 'normalised' 

#total_yearly_counts_df = pd.read_csv('/Users/philippmetzger/Documents/GitHub/MA_temp/03 Analysis/01 Country counts/total_yearly_counts', delimiter=';')
#total_yearly_counts_df.rename(columns = {'count': 'patent families count'}, inplace = True)

#max_patent_count = total_yearly_counts_df['patent families count'].max()
#total_yearly_counts_df['patent families count normalised'] = total_yearly_counts_df['patent families count'] / max_patent_count

total_yearly_counts_df = pd.DataFrame()

total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'] = titles_counts
#max_titles_count = total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'].max()
#total_yearly_counts_df['titles count normalised'] = total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'] / max_titles_count


total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'] = abstracts_counts
#max_abstracts_count = total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'].max()
#total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts count normalised'] = total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'] / max_abstracts_count


total_yearly_counts_df

	titles counts	abstracts counts
0	939	975
1	1135	1164
2	1105	1132
3	1151	1191
4	1243	1288
5	1501	1566
6	1818	1955
7	2002	2147
8	2298	2480
9	2627	2808
10	3126	3376
11	4622	5152
12	5970	6757
13	6614	7463
14	7040	7936
15	6929	7733
16	6968	7830
17	7562	8438
18	8513	9677
19	9523	11016

Define stopwords, contexts, equivalents, words to replace, and punctuation

stopwords_ = stopwords.words('english')
stopwords_.extend([
    'thereof', 'therefor', 'thereafter', 'wherein', 'utmost',
    'without', 'within',
    'xo', 'e', 'etc', 'ab', 'b', 'c', 'pct', 'wo', 'pt', 'pts', 'wt', 'xii', 'xiii', 'ymyo', 'xmn', 'xiv', 'le', 'sub',
    'r', 'x', 'g', 'p', 'v', 'zfz', 'zsz',
    'positive', 'negative', 'left', 'right',
    'high', 'low',
    'less', 'les', 'more', 'least',
    'judging', 'preparing', 'producing', 'comprising', 'following', 'containing', 'including', 'using', 'consisting',
    'making',
    'one', 'two', 'never',
    'end',
    'almost', 'like', 'also',
    'especially', 'preferably', 'surely', 'nearly', 'previously', 'mainly',
    'involves', 'comprises', 'provides', 'relates', 'belongs', 'discloses', 'includes',
    'solved', 'expressed', 'specified', 'provided', 'selected', 'characterized', 'included', 'equipped',
    'decided', 'made', 'filed', 'used', 'formed', 'said',
    'provide', 'improve', 'prevent', 'obtain', 'reduce', 'enhance', 'increase', 'suppress', 'realize', 'use',
    'first', 'second',
    'simple', 'convenient',
    'whose',
    'according',
    'capable', 'preferable', 'desirable',
    'desirably',
    'kind',
    'date', 'temp', 'sec', 
    'jan', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'nov', 'oct',
    'jp',
    'problem', 'drawing', 'figure', 'invention', 'model', 'publication', 'utility', 'preparation',
    'method', 'application', 'purpose', 'number',
    'new', 'novel',
    'excellent',
    'non',
    'top', 'bottom'
])


# Contexts in which first word should be kept
contexts_after = [
    ['positive', 'electrode'],
    ['negative', 'electrode'],
    ['positive', 'electrodes'],
    ['negative', 'electrodes'],
    ['positive', 'active', 'material'],
    ['negative', 'active', 'material'],
    ['non', 'aqueous'],
    ['non', 'sintered'],
    ['top', 'cap'],
    ['bottom', 'plate']
]


# Contexts in which second word should be kept
contexts_before = [
    ['lithium', 'containing']
]
    

treat_as_same = [
    [('method', 'manufacturing'), ('manufacturing', 'method')],
    [('storage', 'battery', 'alkaline'), ('alkaline', 'storage', 'battery')],
    [('battery', 'alkaline', 'storage'), ('alkaline', 'storage', 'battery')]
]


replace_words = {
    'soln': 'solution',
    'aq': 'aqueous',
    'nonaqueous': 'non aqueous',
    'obtd': 'obtained',
    'hr': 'hour',
    'pub': 'publication',
    'compsn': 'composition',
    'contg': 'containing',
    'compd': 'compound',
    'mfg': 'manufacturing',
    'methodfor': 'method for',
    'al': 'aluminium',
    'aluminum': 'aluminium',
    'co': 'cobalt',
    'mn': 'manganese',
    'ni': 'nickel',
    'zr': 'zirconium',
    'cr': 'chromium',
    'ti': 'titanium',
    'li': 'lithium',
    'la': 'lanthanum',
    'ce': 'cerium',
    'fe': 'iron',
    'ltoreq':'less than or equal',
    'deg': 'degree'
}


# This is not used in this application after all:
punctuation = '!"#$%&\()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'

# Check if replace_words dictionary works as it should

item = ['negative', 'obtd', 'soln', 'nonaqueous', 'active', 'material']

item_replaced = []
for word in item:
    
    if word in list(replace_words):
        
        item_replaced.extend(replace_words[word].split())
        
    else:
        
        item_replaced.append(word)
    
item = item_replaced
    
item

['negative', 'obtained', 'solution', 'non', 'aqueous', 'active', 'material']

Define a function for taking care of key phrases extraction and counting

def growing_keywords(n_gram_length, item_type):
    
    # Initialise lemmatizer
    lem = WordNetLemmatizer()
    
    # create string for identifying the right language column
    #item_type_lg = item_type+'_lg'
    
    # Initialise n grams list
    ngrams_lists = []

    # Loop over years
    for year in tqdm(years):

        # Initialise n grams list for this year
        ngrams_list_this_year = []

        # Get all  
        #items_year = list(set(data[(data[item_type_lg]=='en') & (data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']==year)][item_type]))
        
        # Get this year's titles / abstracts (depending which mode we're in)
        if item_type == 'appln_title':
            items_year = list(titles_dict[year])
        if item_type == 'appln_abstract':
            items_year = list(abstracts_dict[year])
                
        for item in items_year:
            
            # Make all lowercase
            item = item.lower()

            # Punctuation removal
            item = re.sub('[^a-zA-Z]', ' ', item) 
            #for x in punctuation:
            #    item = item.replace(x,' ')

            # Tokenise
            item = item.split()
            
            #####
            
            # Replace certain words with others (according to replace_words dictionary defined above)
            item_replaced = []
            
            for word in item:

                if word in list(replace_words):
        
                    item_replaced.extend(replace_words[word].split())

                else:

                    item_replaced.append(word)

            item = item_replaced
            
            #####
            
            # Remove stopwords; but only if they are not in a context that indicates that they should be kept.
            # Such contexts are defined in cell above (contexts_after and contexts_before).
            
            item_without_stopwords = []

            # For debugging: List of stopwords that will be checked
            check_list = []
            # For debugging: List of stopwords that are actually removed (because they are not in a certain context)
            remove_list = []
                        
            for i, word in enumerate(item):
                
                remove = False

                if word in stopwords_:
 
                    check_list.append(word)

                    # Treat cases with context after the word or phrase
        
                    in_context_after = False

                    for j, context in enumerate(contexts_after):
                        
                        if i<(len(item)-(len(context)-1)):

                            try:

                                to_compare = []
                                
                                for k in range(len(context)):
                                    to_compare.append(item[i+k])
                                    
                                if to_compare == context:
                                    in_context_after = True
                                    
                                    if False:
                                        print('not removed due to context')
                                        print(to_compare)
                                        print(context)
                                        print()

                            except:
                                print(contexts_after)
                                print(item)
                                print(len(item))
                                print(i+k)
                                print(to_compare)
                                print(context)

                    if not in_context_after:

                        remove = True
                        
                    # Treat cases with context before the word or phrase
        
                    in_context_before = False

                    for j, context in enumerate(contexts_before):
                        
                        if i>(len(context)-1):
                                
                            try:

                                to_compare = []

                                for k in range(len(context)):
                                    
                                    to_compare.append(item[i+k-(len(context)-1)])

                                if to_compare == context:
                                    in_context_before = True
                                    
                                    if False:
                                        print('not removed due to context')
                                        print(to_compare)
                                        print(context)
                                        print()

                            except:
                                print(contexts_before)
                                print(item)
                                print(len(item))
                                print(i+k)
                                print(to_compare)
                                print(context)

                    if not in_context_before:

                        remove = True
                        
                if not remove:
                    
                    item_without_stopwords.append(word)
                    
                else:
                                            
                    remove_list.append(word)

            #####
            
            # Delete words that are a repetition of the word before
            
            # Always add the first word to next stage
            # If this list of words is empty, do nothing
            try:
                item_without_stopwords_and_repetitions = [item_without_stopwords[0]]
            except Exception as e:
                pass
                                    
            # Loop over the other words (the second and following) and add them to the next stage, if they are not 
            # a repetition of the word before
            for i in range(1, len(item_without_stopwords)):
                
                if (item_without_stopwords[i-1] != item_without_stopwords[i]):
                    
                    item_without_stopwords_and_repetitions.append(item_without_stopwords[i]) 
            
            #####
            
            # Lemmatisation
            item_without_stopwords_lemmatized = [lem.lemmatize(word) for word in item_without_stopwords_and_repetitions] 

            #####
            
            # Get ngrams
            ngrams_ = list(ngrams(item_without_stopwords_lemmatized, n_gram_length))
            
            # Treat certain pairs of n_grams as the same (defined in cell above (treat_as_same))
            for n_gram_treat_as_same in treat_as_same:
                
                while n_gram_treat_as_same[0] in ngrams_:
                    
                    ngrams_.remove(n_gram_treat_as_same[0])
                    ngrams_.append(n_gram_treat_as_same[1])

            # Add to list
            ngrams_list_this_year.extend(ngrams_)
            
        # For 3-grams: delete it if first word is equal to third word, e.g. battery pack battery
        if n_gram_length == 3:
            
            ngrams_list_this_year_reduced = []
            
            for item in ngrams_list_this_year:
                
                if not item[0] == item[2]:
                    
                    ngrams_list_this_year_reduced.append(item)
                    
            ngrams_list_this_year = ngrams_list_this_year_reduced

        ngrams_lists.append(ngrams_list_this_year)
        
    print('N-grams created')

    #####
    
    # Count n grams' appearances
    counter_list = []
    unique_keys = set()

    for list_ in ngrams_lists:

        counter = dict(Counter(list_).most_common())
        counter_list.append(counter)

        unique_keys = unique_keys.union(set(counter.keys()))
        
    print('N-grams counted')

    #####
    
    # NEW 17 Jan 2022: Delete all phrases that have at least one year where the counter is zero.
    # V2, same day: Delete all phrases that have more than 15 years where the counter is zero.
    if False:
        
        unique_keys_reduced = set()

        for key_ in unique_keys:

            has_zero = 0

            for counter in counter_list:

                if key_ not in counter:

                    has_zero += 1

            if has_zero > 15:

                for counter in counter_list:

                    try:
                        counter.pop(key_)
                    except Exception as pop_error:
                        pass
                        #print(type(pop_error))
                        #print(pop_error)
                        #print()

            else:

                unique_keys_reduced.add(key_)

        unique_keys = unique_keys_reduced
                
    #####
    
    # Create a count entry of 0 for n grams that is present in at least one year but not in other(s)
    for counter in counter_list:

        for key_ in unique_keys:

            if key_ not in counter:

                counter[key_] = 0

    #####      
    
    relative = False
    
    # NEW 10 Nov 2021: Increment all counts by 1 (in order to avoid division by 0 in growth calculation)
    # This is only necessary when using relative growth (see growth calcuation further down)
    if relative:
        
        for counter in counter_list:

            for key_ in counter:

                    counter[key_] = counter[key_] + 1
    
    def growing_keywords_sub(counter_list, unique_keys, scale):
    
        #####

        # NEW 10 Nov 2021: Scale by year's distinct title / abstract count
        # NEW 18 Jan 2022: Scale by year's distinct title / abstract count to make it "per 1000 titles / abstracts"

        if scale:

            if item_type == 'appln_title':
                #normalised_patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['titles count normalised'])
                patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'])

            elif item_type == 'appln_abstract':
                #normalised_patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts count normalised'])
                patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'])

            else:
                print('Item type not recognised')
                return

            for i, counter in enumerate(counter_list):

                #normalised_patent_count_this_year = normalised_patent_counts[i]
                patent_count_this_year = patent_counts[i]

                for key_ in counter:

                    #value_scaled = counter[key_] / normalised_patent_count_this_year
                    value_scaled = counter[key_] / patent_count_this_year * 1000
                    counter[key_] = value_scaled


        #####

        # Calculate increase over whole time span
        growth_dict = {}
        growth_dict_absolute = {}

        for key_ in unique_keys:

            growth_dict[key_] = counter_list[len(counter_list) - 1][key_] - counter_list[0][key_]

        print('Difference over whole timespan calculated')

        # Calculate sum of absolute differences year-over-year; absolute => Growing and shrinking are treated as the same
        for key_ in unique_keys:

            growth = []
            for i in range(len(counter_list)-1):

                if not relative:

                    # Growth as abs(x1 - x0)
                    growth.append(abs(counter_list[i+1][key_]-counter_list[i][key_]))

                else:

                    # Growth as abs(x1 / x0) - 1. Only works if x0 is not zero.
                    try:
                        growth.append(abs((counter_list[i+1][key_] / counter_list[i][key_]) - 1))
                    except:
                        print('error')

            try:
                growth_dict_absolute[key_] = sum(growth)
            except Exception as e2:
                print(type(e2))
                print(e2)

        print('Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated')

        #####
        #####

        # Prepare positive growth plot
        highest_growth = dict(sorted(growth_dict.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True))
        top_30_growth = list(highest_growth)[:30]
        top_50_growth = list(highest_growth)[:50]

        growing_list = []
        growing_list.append(top_50_growth)

        #####

        counts_list = []

        #for key_ in top_30_growth:
        for key_ in top_50_growth:

            counts = []

            for counter in counter_list:

                counts.append(counter[key_])

            counts_list.append(counts)

        #####

        df_keyword_growth = pd.DataFrame(index=years)
        for i, ngram_ in enumerate(top_50_growth):

            ngram_string = ' '.join(ngram_)

            df_keyword_growth[ngram_string] = counts_list[i]

        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.transpose()

        # Round all values
        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.round()
        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')
        
        growing_list.append(df_keyword_growth)

        #####

        cm = sns.light_palette((260, 75, 60), input="husl", as_cmap=True)

        plot_positive_growth = df_keyword_growth.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm, axis=1)
        
        # Display thousands with comma separation
        plot_positive_growth.format("{:,d}")

        growing_list.append(plot_positive_growth)

        print('Positive change plot created')

        #####
        #####

        # Prepare negative growth plot

        highest_growth = dict(sorted(growth_dict.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=False))
        top_30_growth = list(highest_growth)[:30]
        top_50_growth = list(highest_growth)[:50]

        shrinking_list = []
        shrinking_list.append(top_50_growth)

        #####

        counts_list = []

        for key_ in top_50_growth:

            counts = []

            for counter in counter_list:

                counts.append(counter[key_])

            counts_list.append(counts)

        #####

        df_keyword_growth = pd.DataFrame(index=years)
        for i, ngram_ in enumerate(top_50_growth):

            ngram_string = ' '.join(ngram_)

            df_keyword_growth[ngram_string] = counts_list[i]

        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.transpose()

        # Round all values
        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.round()
        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')

        shrinking_list.append(df_keyword_growth)

        #####

        cm = sns.light_palette((260, 75, 60), input="husl", as_cmap=True)

        plot_negative_growth = df_keyword_growth.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm, axis=1)
        
        # Display thousands with comma separation
        plot_negative_growth.format("{:,d}")

        shrinking_list.append(plot_negative_growth)

        print('Negative change plot created')

        #####
        #####

        # Prepare absolute growth plot
        highest_growth = dict(sorted(growth_dict_absolute.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True))
        top_30_growth = list(highest_growth)[:30]
        top_50_growth = list(highest_growth)[:50]

        absolute_growth_list = []
        absolute_growth_list.append(top_50_growth)

        #####

        counts_list = []

        #for key_ in top_30_growth:
        for key_ in top_50_growth:

            counts = []

            for counter in counter_list:

                counts.append(counter[key_])

            counts_list.append(counts)

        #####

        df_keyword_growth = pd.DataFrame(index=years)
        for i, ngram_ in enumerate(top_50_growth):

            ngram_string = ' '.join(ngram_)

            df_keyword_growth[ngram_string] = counts_list[i]

        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.transpose()

        # Round all values
        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.round()
        df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')

        absolute_growth_list.append(df_keyword_growth)        
        
        #####

        cm = sns.light_palette((260, 75, 60), input="husl", as_cmap=True)
        
        plot_absolute_growth = df_keyword_growth.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm, axis=1)
        
        # Display thousands with comma separation
        plot_absolute_growth.format("{:,d}")

        absolute_growth_list.append(plot_absolute_growth)

        print('Absolute change plot created')

        return growing_list, shrinking_list, absolute_growth_list
    
    growing_list, shrinking_list, absolute_growth_list = growing_keywords_sub(counter_list, unique_keys, False)
    growing_list_scaled, shrinking_list_scaled, absolute_growth_list_scaled = growing_keywords_sub(counter_list, unique_keys, True)
    
    return growing_list, shrinking_list, absolute_growth_list, growing_list_scaled, shrinking_list_scaled, absolute_growth_list_scaled

Two more definitions

# Define whether to use median or mean
#measure_function = stat.mean
#measure_function = stat.mean

Results

Titles

Titles - unigrams

growing_list_title_1, shrinking_list_title_1, highest_abs_change_list_title_1, growing_list_title_1_scaled, shrinking_list_title_1_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_title_1_scaled = growing_keywords(
    1,
    'appln_title'
)

N-grams created
N-grams counted
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created

growing_list_title_1[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery	571	663	587	657	705	805	1,033	1,107	1,312	1,444	1,725	2,731	3,428	3,791	4,108	3,961	4,082	4,200	4,939	5,966
device	144	156	166	225	254	302	397	469	564	625	765	1,067	1,543	1,889	1,954	1,800	1,812	2,027	2,159	2,559
system	88	127	128	150	137	186	236	320	423	513	630	1,042	1,334	1,530	1,528	1,530	1,508	1,737	1,925	2,103
secondary	125	160	165	194	218	243	340	313	390	407	538	844	1,104	1,282	1,375	1,339	1,379	1,252	1,477	1,923
electrode	126	151	135	146	186	192	231	259	313	328	429	644	929	969	1,092	1,083	1,011	1,140	1,283	1,617
power	115	146	169	163	203	258	314	372	467	451	606	973	1,342	1,523	1,773	1,609	1,631	1,850	1,702	1,602
lithium	124	167	155	135	191	204	271	243	272	334	459	722	977	1,054	1,189	1,237	1,144	1,029	1,224	1,601
vehicle	55	73	91	83	87	84	106	176	208	232	392	579	832	921	754	704	671	872	1,142	1,523
charging	76	108	103	100	114	144	132	173	225	293	379	498	725	894	823	822	921	1,067	1,208	1,417
material	84	89	107	109	106	128	148	134	185	212	331	448	635	650	763	787	687	797	785	972
storage	51	79	62	79	64	87	102	141	147	145	186	337	544	715	743	714	659	744	803	887
manufacturing	30	68	69	78	62	92	117	106	153	178	175	277	430	454	494	429	507	529	600	735
electrolyte	61	64	71	63	80	88	107	112	170	131	169	283	385	439	465	552	663	558	606	765
electric	42	67	51	62	57	72	121	123	144	178	255	425	578	678	486	494	441	494	600	726
control	39	54	54	63	59	75	93	148	164	198	200	346	444	590	546	534	569	735	625	715
ion	24	31	26	33	34	57	91	75	97	101	190	329	485	550	612	661	616	536	605	675
energy	18	31	33	46	52	63	55	111	135	154	206	345	424	577	499	497	464	551	647	657
apparatus	85	91	86	87	101	155	164	195	195	230	252	416	605	662	696	640	665	733	678	719
module	8	20	13	16	16	29	56	38	85	73	92	182	279	280	349	325	334	398	512	600
pack	31	46	26	42	54	54	95	119	109	130	161	247	313	336	310	324	307	381	462	536
wireless	7	4	6	6	8	19	12	15	31	40	102	121	240	340	480	462	527	595	510	511
cell	102	143	114	121	113	87	130	126	140	176	208	300	461	599	626	545	545	442	579	579
active	38	44	57	57	52	54	63	76	115	111	176	240	366	331	422	391	349	392	383	508
aqueous	39	49	59	52	73	70	97	101	186	135	173	250	381	390	360	443	492	434	434	499
solid	9	9	10	9	9	4	12	12	9	18	24	49	67	116	117	126	195	273	282	438
supply	57	57	75	53	90	127	128	168	184	149	198	327	389	376	433	372	402	422	458	418
assembly	16	23	21	14	25	30	59	38	46	66	94	120	121	155	191	172	204	235	277	336
electronic	53	36	36	47	57	74	79	80	116	152	141	171	217	242	365	380	348	337	358	373
management	8	12	8	14	18	22	26	33	47	57	66	129	185	188	249	239	246	240	279	327
state	8	16	17	14	21	27	31	37	36	54	45	84	94	153	159	151	193	203	200	309
electrical	32	34	33	43	47	40	53	69	84	69	89	186	226	258	262	229	199	228	298	327
motor	12	20	27	10	31	26	29	32	37	31	51	100	136	162	146	98	122	100	182	293
circuit	58	78	80	66	79	101	121	135	129	181	143	232	214	253	274	268	240	240	338	314
electrochemical	42	42	34	32	52	52	63	66	93	62	69	119	155	216	224	195	160	188	209	294
composite	9	10	22	16	21	28	34	40	38	36	61	68	136	173	214	233	203	198	221	251
method	13	12	12	21	19	29	27	41	41	55	107	96	118	162	165	172	223	233	240	253
unit	15	25	41	21	30	51	55	56	50	61	88	117	130	164	158	200	158	185	275	248
structure	16	40	28	24	39	32	35	38	55	55	75	120	157	202	194	128	160	157	248	239
metal	24	26	23	19	38	39	32	27	38	57	48	87	104	116	142	138	126	143	216	244
composition	24	11	23	18	22	19	18	22	30	31	38	55	79	109	126	149	150	154	179	227
cathode	10	20	30	19	20	34	32	23	25	53	54	64	115	136	147	157	139	143	159	204
separator	20	22	25	27	25	26	19	43	52	36	44	75	135	167	158	154	184	171	211	212
temperature	14	13	8	10	9	7	19	23	33	29	37	53	66	80	77	91	93	82	119	197
based	13	10	18	18	12	26	33	16	21	31	26	49	69	105	80	131	134	151	166	191
controlling	21	24	18	20	17	21	40	34	39	62	78	124	151	174	171	161	164	190	182	199
transmission	3	3	0	0	1	8	2	5	28	49	52	51	138	194	228	198	181	197	181	180
voltage	25	58	53	46	47	66	79	86	85	90	92	121	170	149	194	159	157	175	194	200
current	26	34	29	28	23	37	58	33	51	49	57	81	121	131	124	115	120	117	159	198
operating	6	12	9	15	14	11	14	22	23	23	37	52	80	91	83	98	81	101	132	177
station	4	4	4	1	2	4	3	4	7	18	30	58	60	63	52	64	83	92	97	163

growing_list_title_1_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
system	94	112	116	130	110	124	130	160	184	195	202	225	223	231	217	221	216	230	226	221
device	153	137	150	195	204	201	218	234	245	238	245	231	258	286	278	260	260	268	254	269
vehicle	59	64	82	72	70	56	58	88	91	88	125	125	139	139	107	102	96	115	134	160
secondary	133	141	149	169	175	162	187	156	170	155	172	183	185	194	195	193	198	166	173	202
charging	81	95	93	87	92	96	73	86	98	112	121	108	121	135	117	119	132	141	142	149
module	9	18	12	14	13	19	31	19	37	28	29	39	47	42	50	47	48	53	60	63
energy	19	27	30	40	42	42	30	55	59	59	66	75	71	87	71	72	67	73	76	69
wireless	7	4	5	5	6	13	7	7	13	15	33	26	40	51	68	67	76	79	60	54
power	122	129	153	142	163	172	173	186	203	172	194	211	225	230	252	232	234	245	200	168
ion	26	27	24	29	27	38	50	37	42	38	61	71	81	83	87	95	88	71	71	71
manufacturing	32	60	62	68	50	61	64	53	67	68	56	60	72	69	70	62	73	70	70	77
storage	54	70	56	69	51	58	56	70	64	55	60	73	91	108	106	103	95	98	94	93
solid	10	8	9	8	7	3	7	6	4	7	8	11	11	18	17	18	28	36	33	46
lithium	132	147	140	117	154	136	149	121	118	127	147	156	164	159	169	179	164	136	144	168
electrode	134	133	122	127	150	128	127	129	136	125	137	139	156	147	155	156	145	151	151	170
control	42	48	49	55	47	50	51	74	71	75	64	75	74	89	78	77	82	97	73	75
electric	45	59	46	54	46	48	67	61	63	68	82	92	97	103	69	71	63	65	70	76
management	9	11	7	12	14	15	14	16	20	22	21	28	31	28	35	34	35	32	33	34
state	9	14	15	12	17	18	17	18	16	21	14	18	16	23	23	22	28	27	23	32
pack	33	41	24	36	43	36	52	59	47	49	52	53	52	51	44	47	44	50	54	56
battery	608	584	531	571	567	536	568	553	571	550	552	591	574	573	584	572	586	555	580	626
assembly	17	20	19	12	20	20	32	19	20	25	30	26	20	23	27	25	29	31	33	35
motor	13	18	24	9	25	17	16	16	16	12	16	22	23	24	21	14	18	13	21	31
composite	10	9	20	14	17	19	19	20	17	14	20	15	23	26	30	34	29	26	26	26
transmission	3	3	0	0	1	5	1	2	12	19	17	11	23	29	32	29	26	26	21	19
electrolyte	65	56	64	55	64	59	59	56	74	50	54	61	64	66	66	80	95	74	71	80
cooling	2	8	3	6	2	7	8	10	10	8	11	16	14	12	9	10	13	11	14	16
flow	1	4	9	8	3	0	1	4	2	2	3	5	8	7	11	12	12	15	16	14
program	1	1	4	11	5	6	3	9	12	6	4	9	9	14	16	12	12	14	8	14
active	40	39	52	50	42	36	35	38	50	42	56	52	61	50	60	56	50	52	45	53
station	4	4	4	1	2	3	2	2	3	7	10	13	10	10	7	9	12	12	11	17
method	14	11	11	18	15	19	15	20	18	21	34	21	20	24	23	25	32	31	28	27
material	89	78	97	95	85	85	81	67	81	81	106	97	106	98	108	114	99	105	92	102
operating	6	11	8	13	11	7	8	11	10	9	12	11	13	14	12	14	12	13	16	19
aqueous	42	43	53	45	59	47	53	50	81	51	55	54	64	59	51	64	71	57	51	52
cathode	11	18	27	17	16	23	18	11	11	20	17	14	19	21	21	23	20	19	19	21
unit	16	22	37	18	24	34	30	28	22	23	28	25	22	25	22	29	23	24	32	26
slurry	0	2	1	2	2	0	0	0	2	1	2	4	6	5	7	9	5	8	8	10
heat	4	5	3	2	6	1	4	6	7	7	7	5	9	11	9	10	10	10	10	14
redox	1	3	10	7	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	5	5	7	8	8	9	11	10
thermal	1	1	3	3	2	1	3	3	6	5	6	6	6	5	8	7	11	8	8	10
structure	17	35	25	21	31	21	19	19	24	21	24	26	26	31	28	18	23	21	29	25
medium	3	4	1	5	4	5	3	4	7	2	3	4	4	5	5	6	5	7	7	11
processing	2	5	4	3	5	8	6	2	6	5	5	5	4	5	5	4	6	4	6	10
coil	0	0	1	1	2	3	1	1	3	2	3	2	4	7	7	8	11	10	8	7
electricity	2	4	2	2	2	3	4	3	7	5	11	11	12	11	14	14	10	11	8	9
generation	0	4	10	7	9	10	14	12	13	11	9	13	9	8	8	6	10	8	7	7
silicon	1	4	1	3	2	1	8	5	3	4	3	6	5	7	8	10	8	8	8	8
member	1	3	4	5	2	7	5	3	6	3	4	6	5	5	4	8	6	7	7	8
pouch	0	1	0	1	1	1	3	1	3	2	2	2	3	2	2	3	4	2	5	7

shrinking_list_title_1[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
telephone	14	8	14	7	12	13	9	1	2	3	6	2	6	4	7	5	1	0	0	2
absorbing	11	8	1	0	1	2	1	10	2	2	2	1	4	3	4	4	7	4	2	4
alkaline	30	40	36	24	17	21	29	19	19	21	16	11	31	11	23	17	11	15	24	24
digital	8	1	4	3	4	1	5	2	3	0	5	10	4	5	3	9	9	8	5	3
sealed	17	16	8	6	9	7	16	13	12	13	29	17	23	29	33	22	23	11	18	12
manganate	5	1	0	0	0	2	1	0	5	2	3	0	0	0	2	1	0	3	0	0
hydrogen	25	34	14	18	12	13	21	24	16	21	8	14	12	12	17	26	17	15	25	20
cadmium	4	0	2	2	0	0	2	3	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
ionically	4	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	0
polarizable	4	1	2	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
indicating	4	1	1	2	1	1	2	2	3	2	0	1	2	4	4	2	0	5	3	1
hole	3	0	0	2	0	1	1	3	2	2	1	3	4	3	2	4	2	2	3	0
alternator	5	9	6	4	7	3	5	2	8	10	4	7	2	9	6	2	10	8	3	2
cellular	3	5	8	5	2	6	4	1	0	1	1	2	3	1	2	2	2	0	0	0
hermetically	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	2	2	0	2	1	2	1
cubic	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	0	0	0
pasted	2	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
electroplate	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lipo	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
injecting	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	3	0
rectangular	4	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	4	2	3	7	9	7	3	2	5	2
cassette	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	0
hydrophilic	2	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	7	1	0	0
upon	2	0	1	1	1	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	2	4	1	0	1	2	0	0
cordless	3	1	4	3	3	6	5	10	5	3	0	1	0	3	6	3	3	3	1	1
fine	3	2	1	2	4	6	2	2	2	3	2	4	3	5	10	8	3	1	6	1
impermeable	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
indication	4	0	0	1	0	3	1	1	0	0	2	4	1	4	8	5	1	1	2	2
spinel	6	4	1	0	1	0	2	3	4	3	4	2	8	8	8	2	5	5	5	4
thermostat	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	1	0	0	1	0
manufacture	19	7	7	5	8	3	9	10	7	11	5	12	20	16	14	20	23	14	22	17
timepiece	2	5	1	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
electrocatalyst	2	1	0	4	3	1	3	2	0	2	0	1	1	1	2	1	1	0	1	0
radiotelephone	2	2	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
sintered	7	5	4	1	1	1	0	0	2	4	6	2	3	7	3	2	1	12	10	5
entertainment	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
drain	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	4	1	2	2	1	1
nimh	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0
signaling	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	1	1	3	3	2	0
microstructure	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
nanoqueous	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
flank	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
airtightly	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
intermetallic	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	1	2	0
crash	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	0	4	0
mangnese	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
pager	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
shoulder	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
notebook	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	3	2	2	0	0	1	1	1	0	2	0
reclaiming	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

shrinking_list_title_1_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
cell	109	126	103	105	91	58	72	63	61	67	67	65	77	91	89	79	78	58	68	61
process	48	34	30	27	36	27	22	20	19	20	26	18	17	13	12	10	10	11	11	11
alloy	33	22	16	14	10	13	7	14	4	8	5	5	6	4	4	4	2	2	1	3
alkaline	32	35	33	21	14	14	16	9	8	8	5	2	5	2	3	2	2	2	3	3
circuit	62	69	72	57	64	67	67	67	56	69	46	50	36	38	39	39	34	32	40	33
portable	36	24	30	30	32	49	33	31	31	27	23	23	15	17	13	15	13	13	6	9
rechargeable	45	41	47	30	29	35	39	46	37	29	27	28	32	24	29	27	31	20	18	19
hydrogen	27	30	13	16	10	9	12	12	7	8	3	3	2	2	2	4	2	2	3	2
charger	43	35	35	54	45	37	34	38	36	37	28	27	21	26	20	23	23	17	18	21
polymer	32	22	25	22	21	19	13	10	8	7	6	8	6	7	7	9	10	9	11	11
charge	34	36	32	26	33	30	24	30	28	38	35	36	31	34	28	24	19	24	16	16
manufacture	20	6	6	4	6	2	5	5	3	4	2	3	3	2	2	3	3	2	3	2
lead	29	26	16	36	26	27	19	7	19	14	11	11	10	9	10	9	11	14	11	11
electronic	56	32	33	41	46	49	43	40	50	58	45	37	36	37	52	55	50	45	42	39
sealed	18	14	7	5	7	5	9	6	5	5	9	4	4	4	5	3	3	1	2	1
supply	61	50	68	46	72	85	70	84	80	57	63	71	65	57	62	54	58	56	54	44
oxide	27	28	18	16	20	12	19	15	15	15	14	14	12	12	15	18	13	12	14	11
apparatus	91	80	78	76	81	103	90	97	85	88	81	90	101	100	99	92	95	97	80	76
telephone	15	7	13	6	10	9	5	0	1	1	2	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
capacitor	19	20	23	17	19	29	21	21	10	14	11	9	16	7	9	7	6	6	5	5
electrochemical	45	37	31	28	42	35	35	33	40	24	22	26	26	33	32	28	23	25	25	31
generator	17	19	26	20	17	23	10	13	14	13	6	7	5	3	5	5	5	3	2	4
manganese	16	19	10	4	6	5	5	6	4	4	3	4	5	4	3	4	5	3	5	3
equipment	22	9	11	17	12	18	11	11	12	16	8	9	10	7	8	9	9	10	9	9
acid	19	17	8	23	19	15	11	5	9	11	8	8	6	5	6	7	8	8	6	6
production	23	21	17	22	32	23	18	17	8	14	14	17	17	14	12	14	14	15	15	11
nickel	17	31	22	20	12	8	19	9	8	7	6	7	6	4	6	6	6	4	8	5
improved	19	7	8	8	7	15	11	10	9	6	6	5	8	6	7	6	8	7	8	8
absorbing	12	7	1	0	1	1	1	5	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0
plate	23	23	16	23	16	20	20	11	9	13	12	11	11	10	8	10	11	12	14	12
case	18	11	11	7	10	18	16	4	12	7	6	8	8	8	8	8	7	7	7	8
source	16	22	17	24	19	13	16	17	22	17	12	16	12	14	12	12	9	10	9	6
switching	13	5	5	8	10	9	9	4	4	4	3	3	4	5	4	4	4	5	4	3
set	11	7	5	3	2	4	3	2	7	3	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
capacity	15	15	13	13	18	16	14	10	13	7	7	10	9	6	8	8	6	7	6	6
radio	10	1	3	3	4	3	2	2	2	1	1	2	1	2	2	2	2	3	2	1
digital	9	1	4	3	3	1	3	1	1	0	2	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0
accumulator	14	14	17	21	18	12	15	10	17	14	14	11	12	9	7	6	7	3	6	6
alkali	10	4	4	9	6	1	2	0	0	2	2	2	1	2	2	4	2	2	2	2
hydroxide	9	3	3	3	3	1	3	0	0	2	0	1	1	2	2	1	2	2	2	1
valve	9	6	5	4	6	6	7	3	3	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	1	1	2	2
sintered	7	4	4	1	1	1	0	0	1	2	2	0	1	1	0	0	0	2	1	1
current	28	30	26	24	19	25	32	16	22	19	18	18	20	20	18	17	17	15	19	21
metallic	7	4	1	1	3	0	2	0	0	1	3	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1
signal	9	4	1	3	1	5	1	4	6	4	3	3	2	3	3	3	4	3	2	2
polyolefin	7	1	2	1	2	3	2	6	3	3	2	3	1	3	1	2	1	2	2	1
switch	9	10	6	2	6	6	7	5	5	5	3	3	4	3	2	3	3	5	4	2
double	7	11	6	3	8	6	9	9	2	4	2	3	3	2	2	1	2	2	2	1
controller	12	14	14	17	10	13	12	18	19	16	11	12	8	9	6	7	6	6	7	6
spinel	6	4	1	0	1	0	1	1	2	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0

highest_abs_change_list_title_1[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery	571	663	587	657	705	805	1,033	1,107	1,312	1,444	1,725	2,731	3,428	3,791	4,108	3,961	4,082	4,200	4,939	5,966
device	144	156	166	225	254	302	397	469	564	625	765	1,067	1,543	1,889	1,954	1,800	1,812	2,027	2,159	2,559
power	115	146	169	163	203	258	314	372	467	451	606	973	1,342	1,523	1,773	1,609	1,631	1,850	1,702	1,602
secondary	125	160	165	194	218	243	340	313	390	407	538	844	1,104	1,282	1,375	1,339	1,379	1,252	1,477	1,923
system	88	127	128	150	137	186	236	320	423	513	630	1,042	1,334	1,530	1,528	1,530	1,508	1,737	1,925	2,103
lithium	124	167	155	135	191	204	271	243	272	334	459	722	977	1,054	1,189	1,237	1,144	1,029	1,224	1,601
vehicle	55	73	91	83	87	84	106	176	208	232	392	579	832	921	754	704	671	872	1,142	1,523
electrode	126	151	135	146	186	192	231	259	313	328	429	644	929	969	1,092	1,083	1,011	1,140	1,283	1,617
charging	76	108	103	100	114	144	132	173	225	293	379	498	725	894	823	822	921	1,067	1,208	1,417
electric	42	67	51	62	57	72	121	123	144	178	255	425	578	678	486	494	441	494	600	726
material	84	89	107	109	106	128	148	134	185	212	331	448	635	650	763	787	687	797	785	972
storage	51	79	62	79	64	87	102	141	147	145	186	337	544	715	743	714	659	744	803	887
control	39	54	54	63	59	75	93	148	164	198	200	346	444	590	546	534	569	735	625	715
electrolyte	61	64	71	63	80	88	107	112	170	131	169	283	385	439	465	552	663	558	606	765
cell	102	143	114	121	113	87	130	126	140	176	208	300	461	599	626	545	545	442	579	579
ion	24	31	26	33	34	57	91	75	97	101	190	329	485	550	612	661	616	536	605	675
manufacturing	30	68	69	78	62	92	117	106	153	178	175	277	430	454	494	429	507	529	600	735
energy	18	31	33	46	52	63	55	111	135	154	206	345	424	577	499	497	464	551	647	657
apparatus	85	91	86	87	101	155	164	195	195	230	252	416	605	662	696	640	665	733	678	719
aqueous	39	49	59	52	73	70	97	101	186	135	173	250	381	390	360	443	492	434	434	499
wireless	7	4	6	6	8	19	12	15	31	40	102	121	240	340	480	462	527	595	510	511
active	38	44	57	57	52	54	63	76	115	111	176	240	366	331	422	391	349	392	383	508
module	8	20	13	16	16	29	56	38	85	73	92	182	279	280	349	325	334	398	512	600
supply	57	57	75	53	90	127	128	168	184	149	198	327	389	376	433	372	402	422	458	418
pack	31	46	26	42	54	54	95	119	109	130	161	247	313	336	310	324	307	381	462	536
circuit	58	78	80	66	79	101	121	135	129	181	143	232	214	253	274	268	240	240	338	314
motor	12	20	27	10	31	26	29	32	37	31	51	100	136	162	146	98	122	100	182	293
electrical	32	34	33	43	47	40	53	69	84	69	89	186	226	258	262	229	199	228	298	327
electrochemical	42	42	34	32	52	52	63	66	93	62	69	119	155	216	224	195	160	188	209	294
electronic	53	36	36	47	57	74	79	80	116	152	141	171	217	242	365	380	348	337	358	373
rechargeable	42	46	52	35	36	52	70	92	85	75	84	128	193	157	206	185	219	153	156	177
solid	9	9	10	9	9	4	12	12	9	18	24	49	67	116	117	126	195	273	282	438
structure	16	40	28	24	39	32	35	38	55	55	75	120	157	202	194	128	160	157	248	239
unit	15	25	41	21	30	51	55	56	50	61	88	117	130	164	158	200	158	185	275	248
assembly	16	23	21	14	25	30	59	38	46	66	94	120	121	155	191	172	204	235	277	336
charge	32	41	35	30	41	45	43	60	65	101	110	167	184	224	195	167	135	185	139	148
anode	15	8	9	12	14	14	37	22	39	50	65	48	65	96	161	92	119	105	125	145
management	8	12	8	14	18	22	26	33	47	57	66	129	185	188	249	239	246	240	279	327
terminal	21	23	28	32	27	42	60	31	43	37	58	88	94	150	116	136	147	173	140	165
state	8	16	17	14	21	27	31	37	36	54	45	84	94	153	159	151	193	203	200	309
composite	9	10	22	16	21	28	34	40	38	36	61	68	136	173	214	233	203	198	221	251
program	1	1	4	13	6	9	6	19	28	15	13	43	56	93	115	81	82	104	65	133
transmission	3	3	0	0	1	8	2	5	28	49	52	51	138	194	228	198	181	197	181	180
voltage	25	58	53	46	47	66	79	86	85	90	92	121	170	149	194	159	157	175	194	200
metal	24	26	23	19	38	39	32	27	38	57	48	87	104	116	142	138	126	143	216	244
charger	40	40	39	62	56	55	62	77	82	96	88	123	128	170	140	160	158	131	149	197
separator	20	22	25	27	25	26	19	43	52	36	44	75	135	167	158	154	184	171	211	212
based	13	10	18	18	12	26	33	16	21	31	26	49	69	105	80	131	134	151	166	191
current	26	34	29	28	23	37	58	33	51	49	57	81	121	131	124	115	120	117	159	198
portable	34	27	33	35	40	73	60	63	72	72	71	108	91	113	95	106	91	99	54	84

highest_abs_change_list_title_1_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery	608	584	531	571	567	536	568	553	571	550	552	591	574	573	584	572	586	555	580	626
power	122	129	153	142	163	172	173	186	203	172	194	211	225	230	252	232	234	245	200	168
lithium	132	147	140	117	154	136	149	121	118	127	147	156	164	159	169	179	164	136	144	168
device	153	137	150	195	204	201	218	234	245	238	245	231	258	286	278	260	260	268	254	269
secondary	133	141	149	169	175	162	187	156	170	155	172	183	185	194	195	193	198	166	173	202
vehicle	59	64	82	72	70	56	58	88	91	88	125	125	139	139	107	102	96	115	134	160
system	94	112	116	130	110	124	130	160	184	195	202	225	223	231	217	221	216	230	226	221
supply	61	50	68	46	72	85	70	84	80	57	63	71	65	57	62	54	58	56	54	44
cell	109	126	103	105	91	58	72	63	61	67	67	65	77	91	89	79	78	58	68	61
charging	81	95	93	87	92	96	73	86	98	112	121	108	121	135	117	119	132	141	142	149
material	89	78	97	95	85	85	81	67	81	81	106	97	106	98	108	114	99	105	92	102
aqueous	42	43	53	45	59	47	53	50	81	51	55	54	64	59	51	64	71	57	51	52
storage	54	70	56	69	51	58	56	70	64	55	60	73	91	108	106	103	95	98	94	93
electrode	134	133	122	127	150	128	127	129	136	125	137	139	156	147	155	156	145	151	151	170
electric	45	59	46	54	46	48	67	61	63	68	82	92	97	103	69	71	63	65	70	76
electrolyte	65	56	64	55	64	59	59	56	74	50	54	61	64	66	66	80	95	74	71	80
manufacturing	32	60	62	68	50	61	64	53	67	68	56	60	72	69	70	62	73	70	70	77
control	42	48	49	55	47	50	51	74	71	75	64	75	74	89	78	77	82	97	73	75
apparatus	91	80	78	76	81	103	90	97	85	88	81	90	101	100	99	92	95	97	80	76
energy	19	27	30	40	42	42	30	55	59	59	66	75	71	87	71	72	67	73	76	69
ion	26	27	24	29	27	38	50	37	42	38	61	71	81	83	87	95	88	71	71	71
wireless	7	4	5	5	6	13	7	7	13	15	33	26	40	51	68	67	76	79	60	54
active	40	39	52	50	42	36	35	38	50	42	56	52	61	50	60	56	50	52	45	53
circuit	62	69	72	57	64	67	67	67	56	69	46	50	36	38	39	39	34	32	40	33
electronic	56	32	33	41	46	49	43	40	50	58	45	37	36	37	52	55	50	45	42	39
module	9	18	12	14	13	19	31	19	37	28	29	39	47	42	50	47	48	53	60	63
pack	33	41	24	36	43	36	52	59	47	49	52	53	52	51	44	47	44	50	54	56
unit	16	22	37	18	24	34	30	28	22	23	28	25	22	25	22	29	23	24	32	26
motor	13	18	24	9	25	17	16	16	16	12	16	22	23	24	21	14	18	13	21	31
rechargeable	45	41	47	30	29	35	39	46	37	29	27	28	32	24	29	27	31	20	18	19
structure	17	35	25	21	31	21	19	19	24	21	24	26	26	31	28	18	23	21	29	25
lead	29	26	16	36	26	27	19	7	19	14	11	11	10	9	10	9	11	14	11	11
electrochemical	45	37	31	28	42	35	35	33	40	24	22	26	26	33	32	28	23	25	25	31
charger	43	35	35	54	45	37	34	38	36	37	28	27	21	26	20	23	23	17	18	21
portable	36	24	30	30	32	49	33	31	31	27	23	23	15	17	13	15	13	13	6	9
charge	34	36	32	26	33	30	24	30	28	38	35	36	31	34	28	24	19	24	16	16
terminal	22	20	25	28	22	28	33	15	19	14	19	19	16	23	16	20	21	23	16	17
carbon	14	15	17	23	17	27	13	22	17	19	21	13	15	14	18	19	16	17	12	13
anode	16	7	8	10	11	9	20	11	17	19	21	10	11	15	23	13	17	14	15	15
assembly	17	20	19	12	20	20	32	19	20	25	30	26	20	23	27	25	29	31	33	35
voltage	27	51	48	40	38	44	43	43	37	34	29	26	28	23	28	23	23	23	23	21
method	14	11	11	18	15	19	15	20	18	21	34	21	20	24	23	25	32	31	28	27
electrical	34	30	30	37	38	27	29	34	37	26	28	40	38	39	37	33	29	30	35	34
element	13	9	15	8	17	11	15	12	23	14	14	15	14	18	16	15	13	12	16	13
cathode	11	18	27	17	16	23	18	11	11	20	17	14	19	21	21	23	20	19	19	21
film	11	12	14	11	19	32	19	14	14	21	18	12	13	20	14	13	14	14	14	13
protection	15	12	17	17	9	18	24	11	17	21	16	12	10	11	11	14	14	12	13	11
nickel	17	31	22	20	12	8	19	9	8	7	6	7	6	4	6	6	6	4	8	5
transmission	3	3	0	0	1	5	1	2	12	19	17	11	23	29	32	29	26	26	21	19
metal	26	23	21	17	31	26	18	13	17	22	15	19	17	18	20	20	18	19	25	26

Titles - bigrams

growing_list_title_2, shrinking_list_title_2, highest_abs_change_list_title_2, growing_list_title_2_scaled, shrinking_list_title_2_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_title_2_scaled = growing_keywords(
    2,
    'appln_title'
)

N-grams created
N-grams counted
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created

growing_list_title_2[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
secondary battery	96	116	118	141	183	223	312	296	363	387	502	797	1,036	1,173	1,256	1,207	1,255	1,173	1,393	1,835
lithium ion	22	31	25	33	29	55	87	70	90	98	183	319	468	506	566	595	546	478	528	583
battery pack	27	43	23	37	54	49	89	110	106	124	154	235	302	326	297	308	288	373	443	524
lithium secondary	42	63	58	48	77	85	101	68	77	101	147	184	236	277	250	218	241	190	290	487
active material	33	38	49	47	41	44	59	63	98	102	156	213	329	308	380	362	317	367	347	462
battery module	5	12	6	1	6	6	39	17	36	33	52	92	128	143	188	182	183	202	280	374
electric vehicle	11	10	7	12	6	6	16	18	27	36	111	153	245	290	173	198	138	221	251	343
energy storage	0	7	13	15	16	19	21	37	48	50	63	115	159	258	196	225	199	261	299	332
power supply	46	46	69	47	77	114	108	144	170	126	176	262	343	321	384	335	357	385	401	372
aqueous electrolyte	27	39	42	39	55	58	76	77	142	107	125	205	276	284	278	337	382	312	271	350
storage device	7	6	8	9	13	16	18	29	53	47	68	119	202	288	301	271	246	277	265	329
ion battery	9	10	12	9	4	18	31	27	39	43	76	147	187	195	237	253	270	264	334	317
battery electrode	12	12	7	8	26	25	30	35	41	41	74	114	193	168	205	214	190	241	240	296
electrode active	8	17	12	22	23	24	25	38	40	54	78	132	182	155	164	201	194	235	210	291
motor vehicle	8	9	19	6	22	12	17	22	21	19	37	70	114	135	113	66	101	75	153	255
ion secondary	4	13	6	16	19	28	43	32	36	40	88	150	199	289	320	322	242	216	202	239
battery cell	5	9	9	8	8	6	9	9	14	27	32	82	99	173	175	143	165	144	211	229
battery manufacturing	9	21	26	26	28	34	45	42	52	66	56	98	145	125	127	138	139	118	173	230
electrolyte secondary	23	25	28	29	43	42	51	54	101	83	101	140	171	203	223	271	280	214	188	237
electronic device	16	17	14	25	25	28	40	40	55	77	92	113	112	150	151	199	203	181	230	230
solid state	0	3	0	2	0	2	2	4	4	2	6	19	35	50	56	43	89	129	121	205
material lithium	13	16	21	22	26	34	35	28	30	55	98	116	153	172	193	183	155	127	137	209
battery lithium	5	8	10	13	18	18	30	14	20	32	49	69	94	117	145	134	137	113	141	198
wireless charging	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	2	5	19	20	48	82	103	132	150	218	194	190
wireless power	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	11	13	44	53	143	180	276	237	267	287	220	190
power storage	1	2	1	2	1	5	5	13	29	19	20	64	125	135	177	176	178	225	209	188
charging system	7	9	11	13	10	16	11	14	26	44	67	90	89	134	108	91	132	160	174	183
electrode lithium	9	12	16	14	25	19	23	21	26	32	45	75	111	133	144	148	118	118	133	185
charging device	9	13	9	10	7	14	12	25	31	24	37	48	100	104	114	120	119	123	147	175
control device	3	6	11	18	14	9	20	29	37	38	38	72	98	128	115	119	135	153	123	163
battery system	4	11	1	10	7	4	11	10	9	26	60	96	129	126	155	139	139	122	150	162
lithium battery	20	28	23	17	24	25	25	35	41	59	61	104	127	90	191	188	175	135	124	177
electrode material	16	16	17	28	23	28	34	27	29	34	57	80	120	117	133	169	123	115	118	169
electrochemical device	2	1	2	5	9	17	15	24	17	17	13	29	27	52	70	39	40	76	69	146
solid electrolyte	3	3	3	2	3	1	3	2	0	5	9	19	11	35	28	37	62	87	97	140
management system	5	4	6	6	3	10	7	16	21	24	28	54	75	77	104	103	78	98	109	138
storage system	1	2	3	3	1	6	8	12	13	12	18	55	80	104	104	122	87	120	167	127
vehicle battery	7	2	6	10	10	5	10	8	16	18	33	39	63	77	75	64	54	69	86	133
power transmission	1	2	0	0	1	1	0	2	20	37	41	40	111	156	182	155	134	145	128	120
state battery	0	0	3	0	3	4	1	3	4	2	7	14	24	40	31	23	24	46	60	115
flow battery	1	2	4	7	2	0	0	2	1	1	2	15	35	28	58	63	68	86	104	114
charging station	3	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	2	6	20	28	39	47	36	41	54	51	55	112
device power	5	1	3	5	5	4	19	9	11	21	31	41	86	111	114	106	90	130	96	111
device battery	5	6	9	10	14	7	14	24	34	24	26	50	52	72	84	57	55	70	101	111
manufacturing electrode	1	7	3	9	8	11	16	13	25	35	23	33	46	57	72	54	74	76	83	102
supply device	6	8	8	2	9	11	24	31	38	19	40	62	91	89	94	82	81	92	112	102
vehicle charging	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	2	5	3	22	34	61	76	38	42	44	56	79	94
redox flow	1	2	8	7	1	0	0	2	1	2	2	10	24	24	39	49	49	57	80	94
control system	5	6	5	6	7	10	12	13	13	35	26	52	56	81	79	75	77	106	88	97
module battery	0	0	1	3	3	3	4	3	6	5	6	17	37	37	33	30	24	49	68	91

growing_list_title_2_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
secondary battery	102	102	107	123	147	149	172	148	158	147	161	172	174	177	178	174	180	155	164	193
lithium ion	23	27	23	29	23	37	48	35	39	37	59	69	78	77	80	86	78	63	62	61
energy storage	0	6	12	13	13	13	12	18	21	19	20	25	27	39	28	32	29	35	35	35
battery module	5	11	5	1	5	4	21	8	16	13	17	20	21	22	27	26	26	27	33	39
storage device	7	5	7	8	10	11	10	14	23	18	22	26	34	44	43	39	35	37	31	35
battery pack	29	38	21	32	43	33	49	55	46	47	49	51	51	49	42	44	41	49	52	55
electric vehicle	12	9	6	10	5	4	9	9	12	14	36	33	41	44	25	29	20	29	29	36
ion battery	10	9	11	8	3	12	17	13	17	16	24	32	31	29	34	37	39	35	39	33
electrode active	9	15	11	19	19	16	14	19	17	21	25	29	30	23	23	29	28	31	25	31
solid state	0	3	0	2	0	1	1	2	2	1	2	4	6	8	8	6	13	17	14	22
ion secondary	4	11	5	14	15	19	24	16	16	15	28	32	33	44	45	46	35	29	24	25
wireless charging	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	1	2	6	4	8	12	15	19	22	29	23	20
wireless power	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	5	5	14	11	24	27	39	34	38	38	26	20
battery cell	5	8	8	7	6	4	5	4	6	10	10	18	17	26	25	21	24	19	25	24
power storage	1	2	1	2	1	3	3	6	13	7	6	14	21	20	25	25	26	30	25	20
battery electrode	13	11	6	7	21	17	17	17	18	16	24	25	32	25	29	31	27	32	28	31
motor vehicle	9	8	17	5	18	8	9	11	9	7	12	15	19	20	16	10	14	10	18	27
battery lithium	5	7	9	11	14	12	17	7	9	12	16	15	16	18	21	19	20	15	17	21
battery manufacturing	10	19	24	23	23	23	25	21	23	25	18	21	24	19	18	20	20	16	20	24
control device	3	5	10	16	11	6	11	14	16	14	12	16	16	19	16	17	19	20	14	17
active material	35	33	44	41	33	29	32	31	43	39	50	46	55	47	54	52	45	49	41	49
electrochemical device	2	1	2	4	7	11	8	12	7	6	4	6	5	8	10	6	6	10	8	15
battery system	4	10	1	9	6	3	6	5	4	10	19	21	22	19	22	20	20	16	18	17
storage system	1	2	3	3	1	4	4	6	6	5	6	12	13	16	15	18	12	16	20	13
state battery	0	0	3	0	2	3	1	1	2	1	2	3	4	6	4	3	3	6	7	12
charging system	7	8	10	11	8	11	6	7	11	17	21	19	15	20	15	13	19	21	20	19
power transmission	1	2	0	0	1	1	0	1	9	14	13	9	19	24	26	22	19	19	15	13
solid electrolyte	3	3	3	2	2	1	2	1	0	2	3	4	2	5	4	5	9	12	11	15
flow battery	1	2	4	6	2	0	0	1	0	0	1	3	6	4	8	9	10	11	12	12
vehicle charging	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	2	1	7	7	10	11	5	6	6	7	9	10
electrode lithium	10	11	14	12	20	13	13	10	11	12	14	16	19	20	20	21	17	16	16	19
manufacturing electrode	1	6	3	8	6	7	9	6	11	13	7	7	8	9	10	8	11	10	10	11
module battery	0	0	1	3	2	2	2	1	3	2	2	4	6	6	5	4	3	6	8	10
system vehicle	0	3	5	9	2	7	4	2	10	6	8	9	6	6	6	6	5	6	6	9
management system	5	4	5	5	2	7	4	8	9	9	9	12	13	12	15	15	11	13	13	14
redox flow	1	2	7	6	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	2	4	4	6	7	7	8	9	10
charging device	10	11	8	9	6	9	7	12	13	9	12	10	17	16	16	17	17	16	17	18
lithium metal	0	2	3	2	4	4	1	4	1	1	2	1	1	2	2	2	3	4	7	9
charging station	3	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	2	6	6	7	7	5	6	8	7	6	12
storage medium	0	1	0	2	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	2	3	1	3	5	8
material lithium	14	14	19	19	21	23	19	14	13	21	31	25	26	26	27	26	22	17	16	22
electrical energy	1	5	3	3	7	4	3	5	7	5	9	7	9	12	7	7	6	7	9	9
aqueous electrolyte	29	34	38	34	44	39	42	38	62	41	40	44	46	43	39	49	55	41	32	37
battery management	1	3	2	1	2	3	3	8	7	6	7	7	9	9	8	10	8	8	10	9
system method	0	0	1	3	2	3	5	5	5	4	11	6	7	6	7	9	12	11	10	8
electronic device	17	15	13	22	20	19	22	20	24	29	29	24	19	23	21	29	29	24	27	24
battery secondary	0	0	4	3	3	3	3	4	6	3	5	7	6	5	7	6	6	7	5	7
electricity storage	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	2	3	3	5	5	8	7	10	11	8	7	6	7
device vehicle	1	0	5	2	2	3	3	8	10	7	4	8	8	9	7	5	4	4	5	8
state secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	7	7	4	7

shrinking_list_title_2[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
absorbing alloy	10	6	1	0	0	1	1	8	1	2	1	0	3	0	0	3	2	0	0	0
hydrogen absorbing	10	7	1	0	0	1	1	8	1	2	1	0	3	0	0	3	2	0	0	1
alloy electrode	12	7	4	1	1	0	3	6	0	4	2	3	3	2	2	1	2	0	0	3
portable telephone	7	4	7	4	2	4	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
process production	10	7	2	5	3	5	2	5	2	4	13	25	10	2	4	3	1	1	3	3
electronic machine	5	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
nickel hydroxide	6	3	3	3	3	1	3	0	1	1	0	1	2	1	4	0	1	2	1	1
lithium manganate	5	1	0	0	0	2	1	0	3	2	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	3	0	0
layer capacitor	7	11	8	1	7	7	11	15	2	5	2	7	4	3	4	5	3	1	3	2
alkaline storage	11	24	18	14	10	10	14	10	4	9	8	8	17	2	14	8	1	0	4	7
hydrogen storage	9	13	6	8	6	9	10	10	5	10	3	8	5	4	5	5	7	1	5	5
digital signal	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
alloy powder	5	3	1	3	1	0	1	2	0	1	0	1	4	1	5	2	4	0	0	1
battery manufacture	5	5	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	3	1	1	0	1	3	4	3	0	1	1
charge storage	4	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	1	2	3	2	2	2	0	2	6	2	0
polarizable electrode	4	1	2	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
double layer	7	12	6	3	8	7	11	15	2	6	3	7	6	4	5	5	4	2	3	3
storage alloy	8	7	6	2	2	6	3	7	2	9	3	7	3	2	1	3	3	0	1	4
cell container	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	2	0
valve regulated	3	1	1	2	2	2	1	0	0	1	0	4	1	5	1	3	2	0	0	0
electric double	5	5	5	1	4	6	9	12	2	6	2	5	4	1	3	4	3	2	2	2
electrode process	3	1	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
telephone battery	3	0	2	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
fabrication process	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
information storage	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
cadmium electrode	3	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
separator process	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
phone battery	4	1	1	2	1	1	2	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	1
valve element	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
ion polymer	3	1	3	3	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	2	1	0	0
ac generator	4	5	7	2	1	1	1	0	2	1	0	2	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	1
electrode structural	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
radio telephone	3	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
radio communication	4	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	2	2	4	1	2	1	3	1
communication equipment	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	4	1	0
hermetically sealed	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	2	2	0	2	1	2	1
ionically conductive	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	0
anode rechargeable	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
cubic spinel	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
structural body	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	2	0	0	2	1	0	0
packaging cell	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
connection terminal	3	0	3	1	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
manufacture battery	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	2	0
controlling discharge	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	3	1	0
rechargeable cell	2	1	2	0	1	0	0	4	0	2	1	0	0	1	3	2	1	2	0	0
element connecting	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
generator portable	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
capacitor solid	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
circuit pulse	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
charger battery	3	1	2	1	2	0	4	4	4	5	3	5	4	3	3	3	4	4	3	1

shrinking_list_title_2_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery charger	27	19	17	23	14	13	15	13	15	13	11	7	5	5	6	4	4	2	4	3
electrochemical cell	28	26	13	13	19	11	12	12	15	6	7	6	10	11	10	8	6	7	7	6
storage battery	28	38	27	36	30	25	27	23	10	13	13	12	12	17	19	17	17	12	11	10
secondary cell	21	32	31	41	26	11	12	5	8	5	8	7	10	14	15	15	14	9	8	6
rechargeable lithium	20	17	15	5	7	11	4	9	8	6	7	10	11	6	12	8	9	5	4	5
lead acid	19	14	7	22	15	13	11	3	9	8	8	5	5	4	4	5	6	7	5	5
alloy electrode	13	6	4	1	1	0	2	3	0	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
charging battery	16	9	12	10	7	9	4	7	11	9	5	7	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	4
alkaline storage	12	21	16	12	8	7	8	5	2	3	3	2	3	0	2	1	0	0	0	1
absorbing alloy	11	5	1	0	0	1	1	4	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
hydrogen absorbing	11	6	1	0	0	1	1	4	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
process production	11	6	2	4	2	3	1	2	1	2	4	5	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
power supply	49	41	62	41	62	76	59	72	74	48	56	57	57	49	55	48	51	51	47	39
acid battery	14	12	6	21	10	11	7	1	7	6	6	3	3	3	3	3	6	6	4	4
portable electronic	11	3	5	9	11	7	9	12	10	12	9	8	6	5	3	4	5	1	2	1
electronic equipment	11	0	1	4	2	7	4	5	7	7	3	1	3	1	1	3	3	2	2	1
hydrogen storage	10	11	5	7	5	6	6	5	2	4	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
battery case	12	7	7	5	7	13	5	1	7	3	2	3	4	2	2	3	2	2	2	4
power source	12	15	10	18	12	9	12	13	13	10	7	10	9	9	8	8	6	7	6	4
storage alloy	9	6	5	2	2	4	2	3	1	3	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium manganese	10	12	4	1	1	1	1	2	1	2	1	2	2	1	2	1	1	0	1	2
electrode alkaline	9	10	4	4	2	1	3	1	1	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
portable telephone	7	4	6	3	2	3	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
rechargeable battery	18	15	22	15	15	17	26	29	22	16	15	14	18	13	14	14	19	10	11	11
layer capacitor	7	10	7	1	6	5	6	7	1	2	1	2	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
double layer	7	11	5	3	6	5	6	7	1	2	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
electronic apparatus	12	5	5	4	6	11	9	9	10	10	6	5	8	6	8	7	9	8	5	5
manganese oxide	7	7	3	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	2	1	1	0	1	0	1	1
alkaline secondary	7	2	3	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	2	1
material rechargeable	9	5	5	2	2	1	0	4	3	2	3	3	4	1	3	3	2	3	2	2
protection circuit	10	6	7	8	4	5	9	3	5	8	5	5	2	3	2	3	3	3	2	3
nickel hydroxide	6	3	3	3	2	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
electronic machine	5	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium manganate	5	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
alloy powder	5	3	1	3	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
battery manufacture	5	4	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
battery charging	14	24	13	14	19	13	11	18	18	14	14	12	6	11	9	9	8	11	10	9
electric double	5	4	5	1	3	4	5	6	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
battery capacity	6	4	3	2	5	1	4	2	2	2	0	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2	1
type battery	6	4	4	4	5	1	3	2	2	4	1	2	2	2	1	1	2	1	1	1
power consumption	5	3	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	2	0	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	0
battery power	7	4	2	8	4	7	4	3	4	3	3	6	4	2	2	2	2	2	3	3
polymer battery	5	2	2	2	7	3	3	2	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
system battery	13	4	7	4	3	3	6	4	5	7	7	8	6	8	8	8	7	6	7	8
digital signal	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
charge storage	4	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
polarizable electrode	4	1	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
phone battery	4	1	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
ac generator	4	4	6	2	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
radio communication	4	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0

highest_abs_change_list_title_2[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
secondary battery	96	116	118	141	183	223	312	296	363	387	502	797	1,036	1,173	1,256	1,207	1,255	1,173	1,393	1,835
lithium ion	22	31	25	33	29	55	87	70	90	98	183	319	468	506	566	595	546	478	528	583
lithium secondary	42	63	58	48	77	85	101	68	77	101	147	184	236	277	250	218	241	190	290	487
electric vehicle	11	10	7	12	6	6	16	18	27	36	111	153	245	290	173	198	138	221	251	343
power supply	46	46	69	47	77	114	108	144	170	126	176	262	343	321	384	335	357	385	401	372
battery pack	27	43	23	37	54	49	89	110	106	124	154	235	302	326	297	308	288	373	443	524
active material	33	38	49	47	41	44	59	63	98	102	156	213	329	308	380	362	317	367	347	462
aqueous electrolyte	27	39	42	39	55	58	76	77	142	107	125	205	276	284	278	337	382	312	271	350
ion secondary	4	13	6	16	19	28	43	32	36	40	88	150	199	289	320	322	242	216	202	239
energy storage	0	7	13	15	16	19	21	37	48	50	63	115	159	258	196	225	199	261	299	332
motor vehicle	8	9	19	6	22	12	17	22	21	19	37	70	114	135	113	66	101	75	153	255
storage device	7	6	8	9	13	16	18	29	53	47	68	119	202	288	301	271	246	277	265	329
wireless power	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	11	13	44	53	143	180	276	237	267	287	220	190
battery module	5	12	6	1	6	6	39	17	36	33	52	92	128	143	188	182	183	202	280	374
electrolyte secondary	23	25	28	29	43	42	51	54	101	83	101	140	171	203	223	271	280	214	188	237
electrode active	8	17	12	22	23	24	25	38	40	54	78	132	182	155	164	201	194	235	210	291
battery electrode	12	12	7	8	26	25	30	35	41	41	74	114	193	168	205	214	190	241	240	296
lithium battery	20	28	23	17	24	25	25	35	41	59	61	104	127	90	191	188	175	135	124	177
ion battery	9	10	12	9	4	18	31	27	39	43	76	147	187	195	237	253	270	264	334	317
material lithium	13	16	21	22	26	34	35	28	30	55	98	116	153	172	193	183	155	127	137	209
battery cell	5	9	9	8	8	6	9	9	14	27	32	82	99	173	175	143	165	144	211	229
battery manufacturing	9	21	26	26	28	34	45	42	52	66	56	98	145	125	127	138	139	118	173	230
battery lithium	5	8	10	13	18	18	30	14	20	32	49	69	94	117	145	134	137	113	141	198
electrode material	16	16	17	28	23	28	34	27	29	34	57	80	120	117	133	169	123	115	118	169
rechargeable battery	17	17	24	17	19	25	47	59	50	43	47	67	110	85	96	98	133	79	94	102
power storage	1	2	1	2	1	5	5	13	29	19	20	64	125	135	177	176	178	225	209	188
storage system	1	2	3	3	1	6	8	12	13	12	18	55	80	104	104	122	87	120	167	127
charging system	7	9	11	13	10	16	11	14	26	44	67	90	89	134	108	91	132	160	174	183
electric power	5	13	5	7	9	13	14	22	23	32	25	92	90	114	76	95	68	73	93	67
power transmission	1	2	0	0	1	1	0	2	20	37	41	40	111	156	182	155	134	145	128	120
battery system	4	11	1	10	7	4	11	10	9	26	60	96	129	126	155	139	139	122	150	162
electronic device	16	17	14	25	25	28	40	40	55	77	92	113	112	150	151	199	203	181	230	230
control device	3	6	11	18	14	9	20	29	37	38	38	72	98	128	115	119	135	153	123	163
solid state	0	3	0	2	0	2	2	4	4	2	6	19	35	50	56	43	89	129	121	205
electrode lithium	9	12	16	14	25	19	23	21	26	32	45	75	111	133	144	148	118	118	133	185
device power	5	1	3	5	5	4	19	9	11	21	31	41	86	111	114	106	90	130	96	111
electrochemical device	2	1	2	5	9	17	15	24	17	17	13	29	27	52	70	39	40	76	69	146
wireless charging	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	2	5	19	20	48	82	103	132	150	218	194	190
aqueous secondary	7	1	2	3	12	5	9	10	29	16	22	21	47	58	46	54	66	84	128	87
storage battery	26	43	30	41	37	37	49	47	23	33	42	57	74	110	132	117	119	94	90	92
secondary cell	20	36	34	47	32	16	21	11	19	14	26	33	61	93	107	105	98	65	65	53
rechargeable lithium	19	19	17	6	9	16	8	18	19	15	21	44	63	38	81	58	62	40	36	51
power transfer	2	0	0	2	4	1	2	1	4	14	19	9	41	59	97	96	89	99	53	79
charge discharge	4	10	5	4	10	8	1	13	10	11	14	31	27	68	47	37	20	50	26	25
supply system	4	6	9	9	16	17	14	33	47	38	59	88	105	93	94	84	94	103	114	89
charging device	9	13	9	10	7	14	12	25	31	24	37	48	100	104	114	120	119	123	147	175
management system	5	4	6	6	3	10	7	16	21	24	28	54	75	77	104	103	78	98	109	138
device battery	5	6	9	10	14	7	14	24	34	24	26	50	52	72	84	57	55	70	101	111
battery aqueous	3	5	3	0	7	5	13	16	34	21	28	35	56	69	67	80	99	66	81	90
supply device	6	8	8	2	9	11	24	31	38	19	40	62	91	89	94	82	81	92	112	102

highest_abs_change_list_title_2_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
secondary battery	102	102	107	123	147	149	172	148	158	147	161	172	174	177	178	174	180	155	164	193
power supply	49	41	62	41	62	76	59	72	74	48	56	57	57	49	55	48	51	51	47	39
lithium secondary	45	56	52	42	62	57	56	34	34	38	47	40	40	42	36	31	35	25	34	51
lithium ion	23	27	23	29	23	37	48	35	39	37	59	69	78	77	80	86	78	63	62	61
aqueous electrolyte	29	34	38	34	44	39	42	38	62	41	40	44	46	43	39	49	55	41	32	37
battery pack	29	38	21	32	43	33	49	55	46	47	49	51	51	49	42	44	41	49	52	55
active material	35	33	44	41	33	29	32	31	43	39	50	46	55	47	54	52	45	49	41	49
electric vehicle	12	9	6	10	5	4	9	9	12	14	36	33	41	44	25	29	20	29	29	36
motor vehicle	9	8	17	5	18	8	9	11	9	7	12	15	19	20	16	10	14	10	18	27
ion secondary	4	11	5	14	15	19	24	16	16	15	28	32	33	44	45	46	35	29	24	25
electrolyte secondary	24	22	25	25	35	28	28	27	44	32	32	30	29	31	32	39	40	28	22	25
battery module	5	11	5	1	5	4	21	8	16	13	17	20	21	22	27	26	26	27	33	39
secondary cell	21	32	31	41	26	11	12	5	8	5	8	7	10	14	15	15	14	9	8	6
storage battery	28	38	27	36	30	25	27	23	10	13	13	12	12	17	19	17	17	12	11	10
lithium battery	21	25	21	15	19	17	14	17	18	22	20	23	21	14	27	27	25	18	15	19
wireless power	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	5	5	14	11	24	27	39	34	38	38	26	20
electrode active	9	15	11	19	19	16	14	19	17	21	25	29	30	23	23	29	28	31	25	31
ion battery	10	9	11	8	3	12	17	13	17	16	24	32	31	29	34	37	39	35	39	33
battery electrode	13	11	6	7	21	17	17	17	18	16	24	25	32	25	29	31	27	32	28	31
energy storage	0	6	12	13	13	13	12	18	21	19	20	25	27	39	28	32	29	35	35	35
rechargeable battery	18	15	22	15	15	17	26	29	22	16	15	14	18	13	14	14	19	10	11	11
storage device	7	5	7	8	10	11	10	14	23	18	22	26	34	44	43	39	35	37	31	35
electric power	5	11	5	6	7	9	8	11	10	12	8	20	15	17	11	14	10	10	11	7
electronic device	17	15	13	22	20	19	22	20	24	29	29	24	19	23	21	29	29	24	27	24
battery charging	14	24	13	14	19	13	11	18	18	14	14	12	6	11	9	9	8	11	10	9
battery system	4	10	1	9	6	3	6	5	4	10	19	21	22	19	22	20	20	16	18	17
material lithium	14	14	19	19	21	23	19	14	13	21	31	25	26	26	27	26	22	17	16	22
aqueous secondary	7	1	2	3	10	3	5	5	13	6	7	5	8	9	7	8	9	11	15	9
lead acid	19	14	7	22	15	13	11	3	9	8	8	5	5	4	4	5	6	7	5	5
battery manufacturing	10	19	24	23	23	23	25	21	23	25	18	21	24	19	18	20	20	16	20	24
acid battery	14	12	6	21	10	11	7	1	7	6	6	3	3	3	3	3	6	6	4	4
rechargeable lithium	20	17	15	5	7	11	4	9	8	6	7	10	11	6	12	8	9	5	4	5
control device	3	5	10	16	11	6	11	14	16	14	12	16	16	19	16	17	19	20	14	17
charging system	7	8	10	11	8	11	6	7	11	17	21	19	15	20	15	13	19	21	20	19
electrode material	17	14	15	24	19	19	19	13	13	13	18	17	20	18	19	24	18	15	14	18
power storage	1	2	1	2	1	3	3	6	13	7	6	14	21	20	25	25	26	30	25	20
charge discharge	4	9	5	3	8	5	1	6	4	4	4	7	5	10	7	5	3	7	3	3
material aqueous	9	5	21	6	6	5	7	7	11	7	7	6	6	8	8	11	11	8	6	6
power transmission	1	2	0	0	1	1	0	1	9	14	13	9	19	24	26	22	19	19	15	13
electrochemical device	2	1	2	4	7	11	8	12	7	6	4	6	5	8	10	6	6	10	8	15
battery lithium	5	7	9	11	14	12	17	7	9	12	16	15	16	18	21	19	20	15	17	21
electrochemical cell	28	26	13	13	19	11	12	12	15	6	7	6	10	11	10	8	6	7	7	6
device power	5	1	3	4	4	3	10	4	5	8	10	9	14	17	16	15	13	17	11	12
battery cell	5	8	8	7	6	4	5	4	6	10	10	18	17	26	25	21	24	19	25	24
power source	12	15	10	18	12	9	12	13	13	10	7	10	9	9	8	8	6	7	6	4
supply system	4	5	8	8	13	11	8	16	20	14	19	19	18	14	13	12	13	14	13	9
system vehicle	0	3	5	9	2	7	4	2	10	6	8	9	6	6	6	6	5	6	6	9
battery charger	27	19	17	23	14	13	15	13	15	13	11	7	5	5	6	4	4	2	4	3
battery aqueous	3	4	3	0	6	3	7	8	15	8	9	8	9	10	10	12	14	9	10	9
cathode active	1	3	11	7	2	6	8	4	7	8	6	5	8	8	9	7	5	7	6	7

Titles - trigrams

growing_list_title_3, shrinking_list_title_3, highest_abs_change_list_title_3, growing_list_title_3_scaled, shrinking_list_title_3_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_title_3_scaled = growing_keywords(
    3,
    'appln_title'
)

N-grams created
N-grams counted
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created

growing_list_title_3[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
lithium secondary battery	35	49	47	41	68	80	95	63	66	99	141	179	229	265	248	209	233	187	281	483
lithium ion battery	9	10	12	9	4	18	31	27	39	43	75	145	185	185	221	225	248	235	291	280
electrode active material	8	16	11	21	22	21	25	35	40	54	72	124	169	147	154	192	186	232	199	272
ion secondary battery	3	10	6	11	18	23	42	32	36	38	86	142	184	271	286	283	220	198	194	230
lithium ion secondary	4	13	6	16	18	28	43	32	36	40	87	150	198	283	306	316	224	205	192	224
electrolyte secondary battery	14	16	19	19	34	39	47	52	99	82	93	132	164	178	198	252	259	200	181	228
secondary battery electrode	5	5	3	4	18	14	20	19	19	20	39	58	123	113	128	131	123	148	151	213
aqueous electrolyte secondary	20	23	25	29	41	41	48	53	99	80	96	137	170	187	216	263	276	206	171	225
secondary battery manufacturing	5	8	15	12	15	22	23	24	37	47	33	73	91	76	86	91	94	67	111	155
secondary battery lithium	3	5	7	10	13	15	25	10	16	25	43	46	64	96	117	101	92	77	98	147
energy storage device	0	3	5	4	11	10	8	15	15	20	26	41	58	114	78	88	86	99	103	128
active material lithium	7	9	10	13	8	19	14	13	18	34	55	67	97	96	113	101	81	65	65	127
solid state battery	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	4	8	19	34	25	18	13	41	52	105
power storage device	0	0	0	1	0	3	4	6	16	12	14	35	58	66	108	91	93	112	99	104
battery lithium secondary	3	4	6	10	11	12	15	6	10	21	29	26	44	46	60	47	48	34	58	106
redox flow battery	1	2	4	7	1	0	0	2	1	1	1	10	20	17	35	45	46	53	65	89
material lithium secondary	10	15	16	10	22	28	21	12	13	26	44	41	61	68	73	50	54	38	46	96
electrode lithium secondary	3	9	10	8	14	12	11	10	10	14	19	24	29	38	24	24	16	24	35	89
material lithium ion	2	0	0	8	2	4	10	10	11	18	39	57	75	89	91	102	82	69	75	85
electrode secondary battery	2	1	0	2	3	3	7	11	7	9	11	23	27	42	41	27	29	49	86	85
power supply device	4	8	7	2	9	11	17	26	36	16	37	60	86	82	90	81	77	89	95	86
power supply system	3	4	9	8	14	12	12	30	46	33	55	70	98	86	88	74	84	99	107	83
aqueous secondary battery	6	1	2	2	11	5	9	9	29	16	22	20	45	56	36	53	60	80	127	85
electrode lithium ion	3	3	2	2	1	6	7	6	13	8	21	37	67	81	104	95	72	82	75	73
cathode active material	1	3	12	8	2	8	14	7	16	20	19	22	46	53	62	51	31	53	55	71
secondary battery aqueous	3	2	3	0	7	4	10	11	22	17	23	26	41	53	53	69	80	53	75	72
energy storage system	0	1	2	2	1	5	3	7	11	6	11	31	28	50	44	52	37	58	89	69
battery lithium ion	0	1	1	1	2	4	11	4	9	6	18	38	40	61	67	70	67	63	58	63
state secondary battery	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	2	2	0	5	2	4	9	9	44	55	29	62
battery aqueous electrolyte	1	5	2	0	6	4	10	14	26	18	20	28	41	53	57	65	80	50	45	62
solid state secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	5	3	5	8	7	50	56	30	59
battery electrode lithium	0	2	2	1	2	2	4	1	2	3	9	28	33	35	44	40	29	27	29	58
wireless power transmission	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	11	18	62	57	90	64	57	57	60	58
electrode material lithium	1	5	4	6	12	11	12	8	5	8	18	28	28	45	42	49	42	34	33	58
battery pack vehicle	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	6	2	2	7	5	2	2	9	6	10	37	44	50
module battery pack	0	0	0	1	1	1	3	2	2	3	2	5	9	5	6	13	9	32	30	49
wireless power transfer	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	1	9	1	12	27	47	55	65	76	35	48
active material electrode	1	3	0	6	2	0	1	4	4	11	24	17	31	35	20	33	30	44	39	48
power transmission system	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	8	9	6	8	33	52	35	48	29	30	51	46
material aqueous electrolyte	5	3	18	5	8	7	11	13	19	16	19	25	31	37	46	65	74	61	37	50
active material aqueous	4	4	19	3	7	5	10	12	19	8	12	23	31	38	39	54	53	46	36	49
electrode aqueous electrolyte	2	2	2	5	4	5	13	11	22	15	22	31	49	33	50	60	43	36	43	47
electricity storage device	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	6	6	10	21	38	32	51	55	35	32	30	41
aqueous electrolyte solution	0	0	1	0	5	2	4	2	4	2	7	10	12	9	15	18	18	13	20	40
battery management system	1	1	1	1	1	5	2	10	13	13	14	23	33	36	38	43	23	38	49	41
lithium sulfur battery	0	1	4	4	15	3	2	0	0	0	0	3	6	8	19	29	22	46	38	40
electrical energy storage	0	1	2	2	3	0	5	3	4	8	10	4	14	25	19	26	19	23	36	39
anode active material	0	1	0	1	1	3	11	1	9	7	19	4	21	27	59	24	26	22	20	39
battery motor vehicle	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	3	10	18	29	15	6	19	8	12	38
device motor vehicle	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	2	2	2	0	1	7	4	3	4	6	1	20	39

growing_list_title_3_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
ion secondary battery	3	9	5	10	14	15	23	16	16	14	28	31	31	41	41	41	32	26	23	24
electrode active material	9	14	10	18	18	14	14	17	17	21	23	27	28	22	22	28	27	31	23	29
lithium ion battery	10	9	11	8	3	12	17	13	17	16	24	31	31	28	31	32	36	31	34	29
lithium ion secondary	4	11	5	14	14	19	24	16	16	15	28	32	33	43	43	46	32	27	23	24
secondary battery electrode	5	4	3	3	14	9	11	9	8	8	12	13	21	17	18	19	18	20	18	22
lithium secondary battery	37	43	43	36	55	53	52	31	29	38	45	39	38	40	35	30	33	25	33	51
energy storage device	0	3	5	3	9	7	4	7	7	8	8	9	10	17	11	13	12	13	12	13
secondary battery lithium	3	4	6	9	10	10	14	5	7	10	14	10	11	15	17	15	13	10	12	15
solid state battery	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	2	3	5	4	3	2	5	6	11
secondary battery manufacturing	5	7	14	10	12	15	13	12	16	18	11	16	15	11	12	13	13	9	13	16
power storage device	0	0	0	1	0	2	2	3	7	5	4	8	10	10	15	13	13	15	12	11
electrolyte secondary battery	15	14	17	17	27	26	26	26	43	31	30	29	27	27	28	36	37	26	21	24
redox flow battery	1	2	4	6	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	3	3	5	6	7	7	8	9
battery lithium secondary	3	4	5	9	9	8	8	3	4	8	9	6	7	7	9	7	7	4	7	11
energy storage system	0	1	2	2	1	3	2	3	5	2	4	7	5	8	6	8	5	8	10	7
material lithium ion	2	0	0	7	2	3	6	5	5	7	12	12	13	13	13	15	12	9	9	9
electrode secondary battery	2	1	0	2	2	2	4	5	3	3	4	5	5	6	6	4	4	6	10	9
battery lithium ion	0	1	1	1	2	3	6	2	4	2	6	8	7	9	10	10	10	8	7	7
state secondary battery	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	6	7	3	7
cathode active material	1	3	11	7	2	5	8	3	7	8	6	5	8	8	9	7	4	7	6	7
solid state secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	7	7	4	6
electrode lithium secondary	3	8	9	7	11	8	6	5	4	5	6	5	5	6	3	3	2	3	4	9
battery electrode lithium	0	2	2	1	2	1	2	0	1	1	3	6	6	5	6	6	4	4	3	6
wireless power transmission	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	4	4	10	9	13	9	8	8	7	6
active material lithium	7	8	9	11	6	13	8	6	8	13	18	14	16	15	16	15	12	9	8	13
power supply system	3	4	8	7	11	8	7	15	20	13	18	15	16	13	12	11	12	13	13	9
battery aqueous electrolyte	1	4	2	0	5	3	6	7	11	7	6	6	7	8	8	9	11	7	5	7
battery pack vehicle	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	1	1	2	1	0	0	1	1	1	5	5	5
module battery pack	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	2	1	4	4	5
wireless power transfer	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	2	4	7	8	9	10	4	5
electrode material lithium	1	4	4	5	10	7	7	4	2	3	6	6	5	7	6	7	6	4	4	6
power transmission system	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	3	2	2	6	8	5	7	4	4	6	5
power supply device	4	7	6	2	7	7	9	13	16	6	12	13	14	12	13	12	11	12	11	9
electrode lithium ion	3	3	2	2	1	4	4	3	6	3	7	8	11	12	15	14	10	11	9	8
secondary battery aqueous	3	2	3	0	6	3	6	5	10	6	7	6	7	8	8	10	11	7	9	8
electricity storage device	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	2	3	5	6	5	7	8	5	4	4	4
aqueous electrolyte solution	0	0	1	0	4	1	2	1	2	1	2	2	2	1	2	3	3	2	2	4
lithium sulfur battery	0	1	4	3	12	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	3	4	3	6	4	4
electrical energy storage	0	1	2	2	2	0	3	1	2	3	3	1	2	4	3	4	3	3	4	4
anode active material	0	1	0	1	1	2	6	0	4	3	6	1	4	4	8	3	4	3	2	4
battery motor vehicle	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	3	4	2	1	3	1	1	4
active material electrode	1	3	0	5	2	0	1	2	2	4	8	4	5	5	3	5	4	6	5	5
power transmission device	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	4	2	4	7	8	8	7	6	4	4
manufacturing secondary battery	0	1	0	5	3	1	2	3	2	3	1	2	3	2	2	2	3	2	3	4
secondary battery pack	0	1	0	1	0	3	2	4	2	5	4	3	4	7	4	5	4	3	5	4
wireless charging system	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	3	3	2	5	6	5	4
vehicle battery pack	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	2	3
system electric vehicle	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	2	6	8	6	6	3	2	3	2	3	3
charging electric vehicle	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	2	4	3	2	2	1	3	3	3
electric vehicle charging	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	3	5	7	2	3	2	3	4	3

shrinking_list_title_3[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
hydrogen absorbing alloy	10	6	1	0	0	1	1	8	1	2	1	0	3	0	0	3	2	0	0	0
absorbing alloy electrode	7	3	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium secondary cell	7	14	10	7	9	4	5	4	11	2	5	5	7	12	1	8	8	2	9	1
alkaline storage battery	13	25	25	18	11	12	22	11	4	13	10	12	19	4	18	16	1	0	4	7
double layer capacitor	7	11	6	1	7	7	10	15	2	5	2	7	4	3	4	5	3	1	3	2
hydrogen storage alloy	8	7	6	2	2	6	3	7	2	9	3	7	3	2	1	3	3	0	1	4
sheet battery case	4	2	1	2	0	4	0	0	2	2	1	0	2	2	1	0	0	0	1	0
charge storage device	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	2	0
electric double layer	5	5	4	1	4	6	9	12	2	6	2	5	4	1	3	4	3	2	2	2
battery safety valve	3	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
lithium manganese complex	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
anode rechargeable lithium	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
portable telephone battery	3	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium ion polymer	3	1	3	3	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	0
mobile phone battery	3	1	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
radio communication equipment	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
manganese complex oxide	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
electrode alkaline secondary	4	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	4	1
alloy electrode alkaline	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrode structural body	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
safety valve element	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery cell protection	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0
active electrode composition	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
state monitoring circuit	2	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	7	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
device electronic equipment	3	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	1	0	1	3	1	2	0	4	0	0	1
battery electrode structural	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lead acid cell	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
electrolyte composition electric	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
carbon based active	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
material packaging cell	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrical vehicle battery	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
secondary battery process	3	2	0	4	6	3	0	3	5	5	7	12	6	4	2	2	1	0	0	1
medical device employing	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
portable battery charger	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
electrolyte battery incorporating	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
cap assembly secondary	3	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	7	4	1	1	0	0	2	1	4	5	1
cell protection circuit	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
structural body process	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
metallic porous body	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electronic machine control	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
cover battery connection	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
secondary battery manufacture	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1
battery power system	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery compartment portable	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
process production electrode	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
discharge hybrid car	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
aqueous electrolytic secondary	2	0	2	3	3	3	1	0	1	1	2	1	3	6	2	0	1	0	2	0
personal computer card	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
circuit group battery	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
composition ionically conductive	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

shrinking_list_title_3_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
alkaline storage battery	14	22	23	16	9	8	12	5	2	5	3	3	3	1	3	2	0	0	0	1
rechargeable lithium battery	17	14	11	3	7	9	3	9	7	5	5	9	10	5	11	8	8	5	4	5
hydrogen absorbing alloy	11	5	1	0	0	1	1	4	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lead acid battery	14	12	6	21	10	11	7	1	7	6	6	3	3	3	3	3	6	6	4	4
hydrogen storage alloy	9	6	5	2	2	4	2	3	1	3	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrolyte secondary cell	9	8	7	8	7	2	2	1	1	0	2	2	1	4	3	3	3	2	1	1
absorbing alloy electrode	7	3	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium secondary cell	7	12	9	6	7	3	3	2	5	1	2	1	1	2	0	1	1	0	1	0
double layer capacitor	7	10	5	1	6	5	6	7	1	2	1	2	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
material rechargeable lithium	9	4	5	1	2	1	0	3	2	2	2	3	3	1	2	2	2	1	1	1
alkaline secondary battery	6	0	3	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	2	1
active material rechargeable	6	4	4	1	2	1	0	4	3	1	3	3	4	1	2	2	2	2	1	1
electric double layer	5	4	4	1	3	4	5	6	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
lithium manganese oxide	5	6	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
apparatus charging battery	5	1	4	1	2	1	1	1	1	2	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
sheet battery case	4	2	1	2	0	3	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
charge storage device	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrode alkaline secondary	4	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
portable electronic apparatus	4	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
alkali storage battery	4	2	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
steel sheet battery	4	2	0	2	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery charging apparatus	4	4	1	0	3	3	1	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
lithium battery electrode	4	2	0	1	2	0	1	0	0	2	1	1	1	1	3	3	2	1	1	1
portable electronic device	4	3	5	5	7	3	8	9	7	11	7	7	4	5	3	4	3	1	1	1
solid polymer electrolyte	4	1	2	3	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1
battery safety valve	3	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium manganese complex	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
anode rechargeable lithium	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
portable telephone battery	3	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium ion polymer	3	1	3	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
mobile phone battery	3	1	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
radio communication equipment	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
manganese complex oxide	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
alloy electrode alkaline	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrode structural body	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
safety valve element	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
device electronic equipment	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
electrical vehicle battery	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
secondary battery process	3	2	0	3	5	2	0	1	2	2	2	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
cap assembly secondary	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
secondary battery manufacture	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
power supply network	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
storage alloy electrode	3	2	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
aqueous electrolyte battery	6	3	2	6	4	3	6	7	10	7	4	8	9	7	5	5	6	8	4	3
treated steel sheet	3	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
surface treated steel	3	2	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polyolefin microporous film	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
current collector battery	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
anode material lithium	3	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	1	1	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	0
based active material	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0

highest_abs_change_list_title_3[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
lithium secondary battery	35	49	47	41	68	80	95	63	66	99	141	179	229	265	248	209	233	187	281	483
lithium ion secondary	4	13	6	16	18	28	43	32	36	40	87	150	198	283	306	316	224	205	192	224
aqueous electrolyte secondary	20	23	25	29	41	41	48	53	99	80	96	137	170	187	216	263	276	206	171	225
ion secondary battery	3	10	6	11	18	23	42	32	36	38	86	142	184	271	286	283	220	198	194	230
electrolyte secondary battery	14	16	19	19	34	39	47	52	99	82	93	132	164	178	198	252	259	200	181	228
electrode active material	8	16	11	21	22	21	25	35	40	54	72	124	169	147	154	192	186	232	199	272
lithium ion battery	9	10	12	9	4	18	31	27	39	43	75	145	185	185	221	225	248	235	291	280
secondary battery manufacturing	5	8	15	12	15	22	23	24	37	47	33	73	91	76	86	91	94	67	111	155
secondary battery electrode	5	5	3	4	18	14	20	19	19	20	39	58	123	113	128	131	123	148	151	213
aqueous secondary battery	6	1	2	2	11	5	9	9	29	16	22	20	45	56	36	53	60	80	127	85
secondary battery lithium	3	5	7	10	13	15	25	10	16	25	43	46	64	96	117	101	92	77	98	147
active material lithium	7	9	10	13	8	19	14	13	18	34	55	67	97	96	113	101	81	65	65	127
rechargeable lithium battery	16	16	12	4	9	14	6	18	16	14	17	41	61	31	76	54	53	37	33	43
material lithium secondary	10	15	16	10	22	28	21	12	13	26	44	41	61	68	73	50	54	38	46	96
energy storage device	0	3	5	4	11	10	8	15	15	20	26	41	58	114	78	88	86	99	103	128
power supply system	3	4	9	8	14	12	12	30	46	33	55	70	98	86	88	74	84	99	107	83
power supply device	4	8	7	2	9	11	17	26	36	16	37	60	86	82	90	81	77	89	95	86
battery lithium secondary	3	4	6	10	11	12	15	6	10	21	29	26	44	46	60	47	48	34	58	106
anode active material	0	1	0	1	1	3	11	1	9	7	19	4	21	27	59	24	26	22	20	39
power storage device	0	0	0	1	0	3	4	6	16	12	14	35	58	66	108	91	93	112	99	104
energy storage system	0	1	2	2	1	5	3	7	11	6	11	31	28	50	44	52	37	58	89	69
electrode lithium ion	3	3	2	2	1	6	7	6	13	8	21	37	67	81	104	95	72	82	75	73
cathode active material	1	3	12	8	2	8	14	7	16	20	19	22	46	53	62	51	31	53	55	71
material lithium ion	2	0	0	8	2	4	10	10	11	18	39	57	75	89	91	102	82	69	75	85
battery aqueous electrolyte	1	5	2	0	6	4	10	14	26	18	20	28	41	53	57	65	80	50	45	62
aqueous electrolyte battery	6	3	2	7	5	5	10	15	23	18	12	37	53	45	36	32	44	59	31	33
material aqueous electrolyte	5	3	18	5	8	7	11	13	19	16	19	25	31	37	46	65	74	61	37	50
secondary battery aqueous	3	2	3	0	7	4	10	11	22	17	23	26	41	53	53	69	80	53	75	72
wireless power transfer	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	1	9	1	12	27	47	55	65	76	35	48
solid state battery	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	4	8	19	34	25	18	13	41	52	105
electrode aqueous electrolyte	2	2	2	5	4	5	13	11	22	15	22	31	49	33	50	60	43	36	43	47
electrode lithium secondary	3	9	10	8	14	12	11	10	10	14	19	24	29	38	24	24	16	24	35	89
active material aqueous	4	4	19	3	7	5	10	12	19	8	12	23	31	38	39	54	53	46	36	49
wireless power transmission	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	11	18	62	57	90	64	57	57	60	58
power transmission system	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	8	9	6	8	33	52	35	48	29	30	51	46
power supply apparatus	1	2	4	0	5	10	4	7	8	9	9	12	32	21	31	16	33	17	19	11
alkaline storage battery	13	25	25	18	11	12	22	11	4	13	10	12	19	4	18	16	1	0	4	7
secondary battery pack	0	1	0	1	0	4	4	8	4	12	12	12	22	45	25	37	25	21	39	35
electrode secondary battery	2	1	0	2	3	3	7	11	7	9	11	23	27	42	41	27	29	49	86	85
state secondary battery	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	2	2	0	5	2	4	9	9	44	55	29	62
active material electrode	1	3	0	6	2	0	1	4	4	11	24	17	31	35	20	33	30	44	39	48
lead acid battery	13	14	7	24	12	16	13	2	16	16	19	15	20	22	22	24	40	44	31	36
solid state secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	5	3	5	8	7	50	56	30	59
portable electronic device	4	3	5	6	9	4	14	19	17	28	21	31	26	30	19	26	24	5	12	9
electrode material lithium	1	5	4	6	12	11	12	8	5	8	18	28	28	45	42	49	42	34	33	58
power storage system	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	2	3	18	37	36	33	38	27	43	55	32
charge discharge control	0	2	2	0	2	5	0	5	7	3	6	10	9	28	16	13	10	30	13	9
battery motor vehicle	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	3	10	18	29	15	6	19	8	12	38
redox flow battery	1	2	4	7	1	0	0	2	1	1	1	10	20	17	35	45	46	53	65	89
material secondary battery	2	1	0	3	7	4	2	11	11	5	7	10	31	34	34	25	31	51	37	34

highest_abs_change_list_title_3_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
lithium secondary battery	37	43	43	36	55	53	52	31	29	38	45	39	38	40	35	30	33	25	33	51
lithium ion secondary	4	11	5	14	14	19	24	16	16	15	28	32	33	43	43	46	32	27	23	24
aqueous electrolyte secondary	21	20	23	25	33	27	26	26	43	30	31	30	28	28	31	38	40	27	20	24
ion secondary battery	3	9	5	10	14	15	23	16	16	14	28	31	31	41	41	41	32	26	23	24
electrolyte secondary battery	15	14	17	17	27	26	26	26	43	31	30	29	27	27	28	36	37	26	21	24
lithium ion battery	10	9	11	8	3	12	17	13	17	16	24	31	31	28	31	32	36	31	34	29
electrode active material	9	14	10	18	18	14	14	17	17	21	23	27	28	22	22	28	27	31	23	29
aqueous secondary battery	6	1	2	2	9	3	5	4	13	6	7	4	8	8	5	8	9	11	15	9
material lithium secondary	11	13	14	9	18	19	12	6	6	10	14	9	10	10	10	7	8	5	5	10
lead acid battery	14	12	6	21	10	11	7	1	7	6	6	3	3	3	3	3	6	6	4	4
rechargeable lithium battery	17	14	11	3	7	9	3	9	7	5	5	9	10	5	11	8	8	5	4	5
power supply system	3	4	8	7	11	8	7	15	20	13	18	15	16	13	12	11	12	13	13	9
secondary battery manufacturing	5	7	14	10	12	15	13	12	16	18	11	16	15	11	12	13	13	9	13	16
active material lithium	7	8	9	11	6	13	8	6	8	13	18	14	16	15	16	15	12	9	8	13
active material aqueous	4	4	17	3	6	3	6	6	8	3	4	5	5	6	6	8	8	6	4	5
secondary battery electrode	5	4	3	3	14	9	11	9	8	8	12	13	21	17	18	19	18	20	18	22
alkaline storage battery	14	22	23	16	9	8	12	5	2	5	3	3	3	1	3	2	0	0	0	1
material aqueous electrolyte	5	3	16	4	6	5	6	6	8	6	6	5	5	6	7	9	11	8	4	5
secondary battery lithium	3	4	6	9	10	10	14	5	7	10	14	10	11	15	17	15	13	10	12	15
cathode active material	1	3	11	7	2	5	8	3	7	8	6	5	8	8	9	7	4	7	6	7
power supply device	4	7	6	2	7	7	9	13	16	6	12	13	14	12	13	12	11	12	11	9
anode active material	0	1	0	1	1	2	6	0	4	3	6	1	4	4	8	3	4	3	2	4
battery aqueous electrolyte	1	4	2	0	5	3	6	7	11	7	6	6	7	8	8	9	11	7	5	7
energy storage device	0	3	5	3	9	7	4	7	7	8	8	9	10	17	11	13	12	13	12	13
aqueous electrolyte battery	6	3	2	6	4	3	6	7	10	7	4	8	9	7	5	5	6	8	4	3
secondary battery aqueous	3	2	3	0	6	3	6	5	10	6	7	6	7	8	8	10	11	7	9	8
uninterruptible power supply	2	2	4	0	3	8	2	4	3	1	4	3	1	2	2	1	4	2	2	1
lithium rechargeable battery	1	0	5	2	0	1	5	11	3	2	1	1	1	2	1	0	1	0	0	1
portable electronic device	4	3	5	5	7	3	8	9	7	11	7	7	4	5	3	4	3	1	1	1
battery lithium secondary	3	4	5	9	9	8	8	3	4	8	9	6	7	7	9	7	7	4	7	11
active material electrode	1	3	0	5	2	0	1	2	2	4	8	4	5	5	3	5	4	6	5	5
material lithium ion	2	0	0	7	2	3	6	5	5	7	12	12	13	13	13	15	12	9	9	9
energy storage system	0	1	2	2	1	3	2	3	5	2	4	7	5	8	6	8	5	8	10	7
lithium sulfur battery	0	1	4	3	12	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	3	4	3	6	4	4
power supply apparatus	1	2	4	0	4	7	2	3	3	3	3	3	5	3	4	2	5	2	2	1
electrode lithium secondary	3	8	9	7	11	8	6	5	4	5	6	5	5	6	3	3	2	3	4	9
electrode material lithium	1	4	4	5	10	7	7	4	2	3	6	6	5	7	6	7	6	4	4	6
power generation system	0	3	1	2	3	5	1	2	3	1	2	6	3	2	3	1	1	3	2	1
electrode aqueous electrolyte	2	2	2	4	3	3	7	5	10	6	7	7	8	5	7	9	6	5	5	5
lithium secondary cell	7	12	9	6	7	3	3	2	5	1	2	1	1	2	0	1	1	0	1	0
electrode lithium ion	3	3	2	2	1	4	4	3	6	3	7	8	11	12	15	14	10	11	9	8
double layer capacitor	7	10	5	1	6	5	6	7	1	2	1	2	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
material secondary battery	2	1	0	3	6	3	1	5	5	2	2	2	5	5	5	4	4	7	4	4
secondary battery pack	0	1	0	1	0	3	2	4	2	5	4	3	4	7	4	5	4	3	5	4
power storage device	0	0	0	1	0	2	2	3	7	5	4	8	10	10	15	13	13	15	12	11
power supply control	3	2	0	3	2	1	3	2	6	2	1	5	3	1	2	3	3	4	3	3
vehicle power supply	2	0	3	0	5	1	2	2	3	2	3	2	2	2	3	2	1	4	3	3
power supply unit	1	2	4	2	2	9	3	3	3	2	4	2	1	2	1	1	2	1	1	1
battery lithium ion	0	1	1	1	2	3	6	2	4	2	6	8	7	9	10	10	10	8	7	7
charge discharge control	0	2	2	0	2	3	0	2	3	1	2	2	2	4	2	2	1	4	2	1

Abstracts

Abstracts - unigrams

growing_list_abstract_1, shrinking_list_abstract_1, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1, growing_list_abstract_1_scaled, shrinking_list_abstract_1_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1_scaled = growing_keywords(
    1,
    'appln_abstract'
)

N-grams created
N-grams counted
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created

growing_list_abstract_1[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery	2,477	2,826	2,601	3,026	3,032	3,750	4,759	5,474	6,031	6,676	7,915	13,057	15,844	17,753	17,823	16,834	17,728	18,308	21,510	25,812
power	810	999	1,200	1,325	1,450	1,767	2,195	2,515	3,097	3,628	4,901	7,840	10,040	11,933	13,007	12,092	11,679	13,539	13,223	13,695
electrode	773	921	717	863	1,131	1,368	2,091	1,878	2,047	2,397	2,814	5,462	7,003	7,767	8,036	8,124	8,021	8,189	10,463	12,357
device	506	608	614	790	860	1,058	1,341	1,468	2,046	2,342	3,302	4,205	5,932	6,942	7,243	6,730	7,070	7,791	8,638	9,911
charging	545	636	697	728	792	850	1,051	1,060	1,552	1,863	2,395	3,350	4,760	5,798	5,387	5,038	5,671	6,739	7,086	8,942
material	598	586	726	695	686	940	1,205	1,335	1,443	1,564	2,015	3,198	4,483	4,828	5,268	5,247	4,683	5,034	5,637	7,030
unit	223	362	365	389	428	633	923	1,023	1,041	1,411	2,059	3,459	4,870	5,650	4,998	5,151	4,860	5,408	6,044	6,487
layer	250	296	335	338	347	573	667	830	866	968	1,078	1,846	2,497	2,939	3,033	2,918	3,283	3,470	4,821	6,159
cell	523	661	508	544	528	575	1,018	1,016	1,187	1,441	1,932	2,990	4,494	5,020	4,762	4,239	4,350	4,106	5,027	5,841
lithium	444	545	495	518	633	675	897	892	1,027	1,195	1,510	2,491	3,277	3,173	3,447	3,776	3,948	3,540	4,276	5,666
vehicle	134	207	225	201	257	284	335	466	586	787	1,330	1,857	2,633	2,995	2,749	2,432	2,217	2,854	3,629	5,226
system	234	357	334	452	377	469	635	778	1,010	1,248	1,500	2,505	3,041	3,456	3,526	3,466	3,641	4,076	4,605	5,087
control	356	457	374	422	530	668	719	1,015	1,037	1,425	1,594	2,549	3,419	4,093	3,757	3,605	3,734	4,506	4,822	5,162
current	562	689	692	698	737	1,002	1,083	1,318	1,515	1,802	1,769	2,843	3,330	3,741	3,557	3,500	3,724	4,179	4,570	5,250
module	109	169	133	170	148	190	404	456	572	789	1,124	1,706	2,418	2,768	2,950	2,781	3,049	3,410	4,216	4,770
voltage	717	1,065	1,095	1,041	1,158	1,517	1,587	2,051	2,172	2,388	2,391	3,725	4,133	4,381	4,859	4,633	4,536	4,602	5,003	5,286
connected	331	375	383	434	395	640	666	708	956	1,208	1,450	2,245	2,899	3,314	3,275	3,021	3,218	3,613	4,251	4,761
storage	222	270	287	364	288	392	444	588	891	866	1,373	2,119	3,023	3,373	3,553	3,177	3,622	3,985	3,869	4,571
energy	144	210	255	350	337	410	415	697	882	1,076	1,598	2,230	2,722	2,964	2,991	2,720	2,898	3,459	3,745	4,302
secondary	318	405	376	469	475	701	919	963	1,049	1,159	1,382	2,506	3,146	3,343	3,396	3,432	3,512	3,113	3,588	4,374
surface	288	286	277	303	328	463	566	605	826	823	936	1,546	2,075	2,151	2,576	2,548	2,843	2,903	3,634	4,318
circuit	562	574	639	649	748	1,125	1,172	1,310	1,576	1,986	1,724	2,682	3,055	3,531	3,479	3,420	3,423	3,973	4,631	4,583
present	179	190	170	160	161	281	268	350	395	403	534	844	1,297	1,541	2,501	2,564	2,899	3,174	3,626	3,968
part	159	202	295	375	347	565	755	704	790	908	1,204	1,931	3,165	3,236	3,265	2,653	2,423	2,553	3,727	3,752
plurality	157	237	148	206	177	319	387	427	597	643	763	1,505	1,920	2,164	2,123	2,132	2,302	2,510	3,382	3,727
electric	229	317	286	326	323	491	529	564	891	1,021	1,403	2,279	3,023	3,375	2,863	2,619	2,271	2,708	3,185	3,746
active	269	298	334	318	382	456	665	755	838	848	1,059	1,820	2,528	2,677	2,819	2,802	2,442	2,673	2,902	3,770
plate	244	400	234	283	288	420	616	503	536	555	745	1,535	2,077	2,007	1,957	2,067	2,100	2,095	2,981	3,654
electrolyte	223	364	303	290	351	404	533	560	655	496	607	1,202	1,734	1,946	2,261	2,199	2,381	2,222	2,988	3,596
supply	272	332	456	384	495	696	767	847	946	1,021	1,382	2,227	2,664	3,045	3,169	2,789	2,691	2,972	3,419	3,631
side	176	254	179	191	177	348	447	457	620	595	818	1,323	1,833	2,065	2,182	2,089	1,991	2,398	2,736	3,361
portion	232	285	157	192	220	286	519	356	599	637	763	1,358	1,639	1,892	1,849	1,791	2,336	2,843	3,306	3,387
terminal	349	458	443	435	496	647	822	784	856	968	1,230	1,947	2,443	3,037	2,822	2,687	2,886	3,153	3,310	3,484
configured	23	25	22	45	65	74	135	147	239	376	555	754	1,020	1,384	1,622	1,830	1,950	2,425	2,701	2,861
body	148	180	161	283	196	281	331	398	486	549	850	1,164	1,395	1,608	1,650	1,464	1,734	1,858	2,487	2,882
state	174	216	240	231	290	299	411	469	577	645	770	1,069	1,495	1,915	1,892	1,851	1,821	1,897	2,354	2,817
temperature	261	308	232	242	200	316	488	552	604	730	769	1,058	1,349	1,518	1,490	1,481	1,720	1,613	2,071	2,730
electrical	174	193	270	274	298	374	417	526	613	744	915	1,320	1,844	1,797	1,779	1,734	1,998	2,005	2,409	2,605
element	305	275	333	269	305	468	584	556	721	788	839	1,333	1,928	1,831	2,081	2,025	1,957	2,162	2,350	2,646
heat	62	73	82	82	112	132	196	226	273	289	429	687	909	1,143	964	1,039	1,073	1,177	1,594	2,356
pack	161	199	117	237	235	291	419	535	501	601	625	1,034	1,409	1,442	1,396	1,182	1,436	1,604	1,766	2,440
assembly	106	79	58	103	101	236	397	388	368	461	527	995	1,125	1,185	1,379	1,567	1,567	1,743	2,054	2,367
metal	306	319	287	271	345	423	392	499	564	572	706	1,096	1,503	1,554	1,736	1,678	1,798	1,805	1,991	2,556
housing	149	141	118	125	166	273	342	388	410	473	474	784	928	1,292	1,352	1,212	1,356	1,557	2,115	2,303
connection	116	129	169	161	142	235	276	295	397	462	510	894	1,260	1,295	1,427	1,250	1,324	1,563	1,988	2,257
solution	205	295	398	419	416	573	661	683	750	927	888	1,512	1,961	2,302	2,213	2,040	1,997	1,666	1,912	2,304
direction	58	80	53	88	93	140	228	206	300	286	311	592	956	1,038	1,173	1,024	1,192	1,325	1,658	2,150
charge	391	446	369	404	480	573	562	776	940	1,221	1,262	1,899	2,434	2,448	2,562	2,188	2,092	2,233	2,065	2,467
particle	163	161	196	141	227	274	324	487	432	455	615	710	1,073	1,240	1,257	1,480	1,577	1,578	1,854	2,238
output	241	268	319	336	363	516	624	654	743	798	936	1,487	1,681	1,876	1,763	1,936	2,037	2,153	2,308	2,264

growing_list_abstract_1_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
power	831	858	1,060	1,113	1,126	1,128	1,123	1,171	1,249	1,292	1,452	1,522	1,486	1,599	1,639	1,564	1,492	1,605	1,366	1,243
device	519	522	542	663	668	676	686	684	825	834	978	816	878	930	913	870	903	923	893	900
unit	229	311	322	327	332	404	472	476	420	502	610	671	721	757	630	666	621	641	625	589
vehicle	137	178	199	169	200	181	171	217	236	280	394	360	390	401	346	314	283	338	375	474
electrode	793	791	633	725	878	874	1,070	875	825	854	834	1,060	1,036	1,041	1,013	1,051	1,024	970	1,081	1,122
module	112	145	117	143	115	121	207	212	231	281	333	331	358	371	372	360	389	404	436	433
layer	256	254	296	284	269	366	341	387	349	345	319	358	370	394	382	377	419	411	498	559
charging	559	546	616	611	615	543	538	494	626	663	709	650	704	777	679	651	724	799	732	812
energy	148	180	225	294	262	262	212	325	356	383	473	433	403	397	377	352	370	410	387	391
configured	24	21	19	38	50	47	69	68	96	134	164	146	151	185	204	237	249	287	279	260
system	240	307	295	380	293	299	325	362	407	444	444	486	450	463	444	448	465	483	476	462
storage	228	232	254	306	224	250	227	274	359	308	407	411	447	452	448	411	463	472	400	415
part	163	174	261	315	269	361	386	328	319	323	357	375	468	434	411	343	309	303	385	341
plurality	161	204	131	173	137	204	198	199	241	229	226	292	284	290	268	276	294	297	349	338
present	184	163	150	134	125	179	137	163	159	144	158	164	192	206	315	332	370	376	375	360
wireless	8	15	28	32	30	56	29	31	42	73	99	76	119	170	218	217	246	262	191	171
heat	64	63	72	69	87	84	100	105	110	103	127	133	135	153	121	134	137	139	165	214
direction	59	69	47	74	72	89	117	96	121	102	92	115	141	139	148	132	152	157	171	195
side	181	218	158	160	137	222	229	213	250	212	242	257	271	277	275	270	254	284	283	305
body	152	155	142	238	152	179	169	185	196	196	252	226	206	215	208	189	221	220	257	262
arranged	55	67	54	92	85	82	101	100	119	144	135	158	155	135	147	136	136	126	152	162
assembly	109	68	51	86	78	151	203	181	148	164	156	193	166	159	174	203	200	207	212	215
electric	235	272	253	274	251	314	271	263	359	364	416	442	447	452	361	339	290	321	329	340
control	365	393	330	354	411	427	368	473	418	507	472	495	506	548	473	466	477	534	498	469
electrolyte	229	313	268	243	273	258	273	261	264	177	180	233	257	261	285	284	304	263	309	326
surface	295	246	245	254	255	296	290	282	333	293	277	300	307	288	325	329	363	344	376	392
coil	42	42	41	60	48	70	37	57	77	107	148	115	149	215	204	227	225	214	177	137
connected	339	322	338	364	307	409	341	330	385	430	430	436	429	444	413	391	411	428	439	432
cooling	28	38	25	50	36	33	63	75	65	73	66	96	89	92	66	72	87	92	104	118
connection	119	111	149	135	110	150	141	137	160	165	151	174	186	174	180	162	169	185	205	205
management	9	21	23	25	33	29	28	46	54	51	58	71	75	80	69	74	75	78	82	92
plate	250	344	207	238	224	268	315	234	216	198	221	298	307	269	247	267	268	248	308	332
member	99	145	126	132	149	140	161	116	158	222	190	139	180	183	166	156	170	186	186	179
disposed	71	64	65	41	51	68	50	64	79	75	69	80	91	98	90	105	120	138	141	148
state	178	186	212	194	225	191	210	218	233	230	228	207	221	257	238	239	233	225	243	256
electrically	92	88	95	86	113	133	119	116	123	150	162	144	168	159	150	163	160	164	192	169
transmission	24	20	17	34	22	38	16	27	61	97	88	69	105	145	147	159	136	148	118	100
based	95	128	116	98	107	109	135	123	143	161	134	137	156	153	158	177	173	184	182	170
secondary	326	348	332	394	369	448	470	449	423	413	409	486	466	448	428	444	449	369	371	397
portion	238	245	139	161	171	183	265	166	242	227	226	264	243	254	233	232	298	337	342	307
active	276	256	295	267	297	291	340	352	338	302	314	353	374	359	355	362	312	317	300	342
solid	84	54	46	54	45	24	40	28	38	35	38	61	55	74	68	78	88	101	113	149
station	19	22	17	18	27	26	12	16	23	30	72	59	47	54	36	46	53	61	56	84
disclosure	0	0	1	0	0	3	3	2	2	5	13	11	13	17	28	43	48	59	61	63
embodiment	32	40	27	30	34	50	36	50	48	52	64	65	48	58	87	92	117	101	111	92
frame	25	34	25	33	22	37	55	43	31	31	39	51	52	42	44	58	51	52	76	84
lithium	455	468	437	435	491	431	459	415	414	426	447	484	485	425	434	488	504	420	442	514
collector	109	87	79	97	96	139	112	149	151	163	130	157	157	156	128	106	115	112	160	167
electrical	178	166	239	230	231	239	213	245	247	265	271	256	273	241	224	224	255	238	249	236
receiving	53	69	45	64	68	61	66	94	89	114	130	104	105	144	185	145	140	142	144	110

shrinking_list_abstract_1[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
telephone	49	60	59	45	39	33	43	19	31	17	24	18	28	25	34	19	33	6	9	7
mum	22	14	26	8	35	27	17	17	26	8	7	11	21	17	11	5	2	2	5	1
copyright	17	15	27	210	267	393	438	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
jpo	17	15	27	210	267	393	438	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lixmn	15	6	1	4	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	1
manganate	13	9	4	0	7	5	7	11	8	8	18	3	6	3	11	5	0	12	7	1
claim	16	15	12	19	21	17	15	14	14	26	30	45	47	53	58	4	3	3	0	5
inpit	11	11	16	21	20	29	169	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
revolution	11	12	13	1	0	8	14	10	2	12	6	0	3	8	1	5	18	12	3	1
computed	12	10	9	3	2	7	2	0	1	10	5	11	11	8	7	7	4	6	7	2
constitution	16	31	31	34	30	15	12	10	13	47	158	325	574	480	10	9	9	9	13	7
dioxolane	9	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	2	0	0
paddle	9	17	1	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	0	13	0	1	10	4	0
ringer	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
emf	9	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	2	4	1	3	0	0	0	1	0
cordless	9	3	7	5	10	17	27	16	14	7	3	2	3	3	8	6	9	3	1	1
sim	9	0	0	0	3	2	2	0	2	1	4	11	2	0	4	0	1	2	0	1
ptext	8	4	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
nicd	8	1	0	0	1	1	2	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
nuclear	8	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	6	3	1	0	3	2	12	2	2	3	0	0
roof	12	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	2	5	2	8	6	10	6	4	18	11	5	4
suspending	8	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	5	5	3	16	5	8	6	3	9	5	1
cadmium	15	3	8	5	4	1	9	9	2	1	3	11	3	1	2	7	1	5	3	8
bios	7	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	3	0	2	0	9	1	0	0	0	0
alternator	25	68	36	13	17	18	39	28	33	74	32	57	42	70	61	32	60	50	45	18
stiffener	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	1	1	0	0	1
limiter	9	2	1	7	2	2	1	3	3	6	0	9	8	15	7	6	20	5	20	2
cassette	6	12	0	0	3	6	0	0	0	27	4	1	5	9	13	0	4	5	6	0
fish	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
iib	6	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	8	0	0
coding	7	0	2	0	0	1	5	0	4	12	0	2	3	3	8	2	1	5	4	1
vibrator	6	1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	1	4	1	0
cacu	6	6	1	2	0	1	1	6	1	0	2	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
call	11	7	7	5	9	8	0	0	5	4	11	6	13	7	4	14	5	10	10	5
limn	8	3	0	4	1	0	2	6	3	0	9	13	7	6	14	4	10	5	10	2
voting	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
nimh	6	0	2	0	1	2	2	0	1	0	2	0	1	0	2	0	1	0	0	0
mouth	5	1	1	0	0	0	3	6	9	1	1	2	4	5	12	2	7	4	7	0
backweb	5	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
drained	7	2	0	1	0	1	0	1	2	0	1	2	2	1	1	2	3	2	4	2
microchip	8	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	2	3	0	0	0	3
bussing	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
upstanding	5	1	1	0	0	0	6	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	5	5	0	0
rosemary	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
wettable	5	0	1	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0
discotic	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
cathodic	8	0	2	2	1	4	3	4	4	6	9	6	10	11	8	6	2	2	18	3
vout	7	6	3	1	5	3	0	6	1	4	6	5	11	2	8	4	4	16	11	2
radiotelephone	5	2	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
metalliferous	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

shrinking_list_abstract_1_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
voltage	735	915	967	874	899	969	812	955	876	850	708	723	612	587	612	599	579	545	517	480
battery	2,541	2,428	2,298	2,541	2,354	2,395	2,434	2,550	2,432	2,377	2,344	2,534	2,345	2,379	2,246	2,177	2,264	2,170	2,223	2,343
charge	401	383	326	339	373	366	287	361	379	435	374	369	360	328	323	283	267	265	213	224
circuit	576	493	564	545	581	718	599	610	635	707	511	521	452	473	438	442	437	471	479	416
alloy	171	139	123	86	79	86	76	59	31	47	42	37	38	31	33	35	27	21	24	23
mean	259	204	201	195	218	160	164	189	133	134	152	137	152	121	147	113	104	94	97	117
capacity	206	204	204	206	155	185	164	150	169	113	130	157	140	116	120	135	115	103	83	96
nickel	167	185	151	125	107	103	116	86	56	69	81	73	64	42	61	60	58	48	57	60
discharge	223	210	173	217	170	178	185	191	212	210	157	165	191	172	160	163	145	144	122	117
current	576	592	611	586	572	640	554	614	611	642	524	552	493	501	448	453	476	495	472	477
manganese	131	134	74	71	68	49	58	71	42	54	65	57	54	51	48	51	52	35	37	37
generator	132	166	156	152	133	124	128	140	115	125	87	86	65	51	64	62	53	47	46	39
metal	314	274	254	228	268	270	201	232	227	204	209	213	222	208	219	217	230	214	206	232
hydrogen	92	104	66	49	56	51	51	49	31	34	27	23	20	20	22	27	19	18	20	16
load	181	167	212	146	160	181	130	145	161	147	141	150	137	126	133	137	134	134	117	106
time	203	181	185	158	168	186	145	204	164	196	135	162	173	168	151	153	148	184	133	130
lead	145	161	90	149	145	96	96	68	91	99	69	74	69	76	69	69	75	76	77	72
element	313	236	294	226	237	299	299	259	291	281	249	259	285	245	262	262	250	256	243	240
case	210	194	143	113	92	190	218	136	170	151	141	181	198	201	192	176	170	155	135	143
alkaline	72	74	61	51	37	38	31	26	21	19	12	9	13	8	10	12	7	7	7	7
portable	88	87	87	121	77	114	81	74	83	80	70	71	47	53	47	48	43	37	23	26
rechargeable	117	107	123	82	107	121	98	118	130	117	117	108	75	63	84	65	83	52	51	55
switch	210	189	184	168	175	206	163	191	190	204	176	163	177	168	160	136	156	215	182	149
pulse	71	42	49	48	53	42	25	37	31	40	25	25	21	21	14	16	19	14	19	11
oxide	170	215	161	144	140	121	126	143	124	132	132	112	118	119	119	126	124	107	107	111
predetermined	117	129	116	86	94	119	94	136	106	95	82	87	80	85	90	86	80	86	66	64
fiber	76	63	54	55	33	33	40	22	49	17	34	27	25	21	32	23	27	24	28	24
telephone	50	52	52	38	30	21	22	9	12	6	7	3	4	3	4	2	4	1	1	1
signal	234	212	208	198	231	247	214	231	237	254	265	220	217	233	213	231	235	223	226	184
engine	76	99	77	71	62	65	53	68	68	70	42	23	26	37	32	36	29	25	30	27
characteristic	110	96	108	142	118	120	127	95	112	113	81	84	80	79	91	87	87	69	63	62
detected	80	70	87	60	59	53	54	63	69	68	55	55	45	49	47	38	37	38	30	33
cobalt	92	109	69	90	85	54	71	54	48	58	43	45	48	37	42	39	47	30	38	46
level	101	119	82	95	97	91	91	98	76	72	60	66	57	52	53	62	74	61	53	55
transistor	61	47	57	32	38	52	35	54	32	46	20	22	23	18	20	16	23	19	22	15
polymer	146	150	150	164	105	113	93	82	62	64	68	79	82	79	89	81	89	80	88	101
large	65	44	42	53	43	33	47	30	39	23	24	28	26	21	21	25	21	20	16	20
obtained	84	60	67	70	61	70	54	58	50	47	53	56	51	49	47	46	49	47	38	40
charger	119	124	99	179	134	141	117	132	125	130	128	129	105	109	95	89	89	78	79	75
container	73	51	44	38	44	46	32	28	21	28	23	39	43	37	40	29	29	36	21	30
compound	127	155	162	132	182	110	103	103	102	94	107	107	118	110	104	112	111	82	83	84
absorbing	50	40	19	19	14	17	13	27	10	11	10	8	10	8	8	7	9	7	8	7
electronic	163	93	112	139	163	174	147	165	165	179	164	143	118	127	174	177	184	144	131	121
powder	73	58	63	49	78	66	66	58	50	40	47	43	47	30	44	41	31	29	29	31
charged	99	119	127	102	98	98	65	88	105	97	92	86	73	72	72	59	56	63	55	58
remaining	59	56	54	31	59	59	28	40	35	32	35	36	29	22	15	21	20	23	18	18
terminal	358	393	391	365	385	413	420	365	345	345	364	378	362	407	356	347	369	374	342	316
output	247	230	282	282	282	330	319	305	300	284	277	289	249	251	222	250	260	255	239	206
group	211	180	149	160	128	156	189	153	115	142	151	125	171	168	162	162	152	152	148	171
section	136	88	86	84	121	70	99	71	115	108	110	127	124	141	117	92	72	81	86	96

highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery	2,477	2,826	2,601	3,026	3,032	3,750	4,759	5,474	6,031	6,676	7,915	13,057	15,844	17,753	17,823	16,834	17,728	18,308	21,510	25,812
power	810	999	1,200	1,325	1,450	1,767	2,195	2,515	3,097	3,628	4,901	7,840	10,040	11,933	13,007	12,092	11,679	13,539	13,223	13,695
electrode	773	921	717	863	1,131	1,368	2,091	1,878	2,047	2,397	2,814	5,462	7,003	7,767	8,036	8,124	8,021	8,189	10,463	12,357
device	506	608	614	790	860	1,058	1,341	1,468	2,046	2,342	3,302	4,205	5,932	6,942	7,243	6,730	7,070	7,791	8,638	9,911
charging	545	636	697	728	792	850	1,051	1,060	1,552	1,863	2,395	3,350	4,760	5,798	5,387	5,038	5,671	6,739	7,086	8,942
unit	223	362	365	389	428	633	923	1,023	1,041	1,411	2,059	3,459	4,870	5,650	4,998	5,151	4,860	5,408	6,044	6,487
cell	523	661	508	544	528	575	1,018	1,016	1,187	1,441	1,932	2,990	4,494	5,020	4,762	4,239	4,350	4,106	5,027	5,841
material	598	586	726	695	686	940	1,205	1,335	1,443	1,564	2,015	3,198	4,483	4,828	5,268	5,247	4,683	5,034	5,637	7,030
vehicle	134	207	225	201	257	284	335	466	586	787	1,330	1,857	2,633	2,995	2,749	2,432	2,217	2,854	3,629	5,226
lithium	444	545	495	518	633	675	897	892	1,027	1,195	1,510	2,491	3,277	3,173	3,447	3,776	3,948	3,540	4,276	5,666
layer	250	296	335	338	347	573	667	830	866	968	1,078	1,846	2,497	2,939	3,033	2,918	3,283	3,470	4,821	6,159
control	356	457	374	422	530	668	719	1,015	1,037	1,425	1,594	2,549	3,419	4,093	3,757	3,605	3,734	4,506	4,822	5,162
electric	229	317	286	326	323	491	529	564	891	1,021	1,403	2,279	3,023	3,375	2,863	2,619	2,271	2,708	3,185	3,746
storage	222	270	287	364	288	392	444	588	891	866	1,373	2,119	3,023	3,373	3,553	3,177	3,622	3,985	3,869	4,571
part	159	202	295	375	347	565	755	704	790	908	1,204	1,931	3,165	3,236	3,265	2,653	2,423	2,553	3,727	3,752
voltage	717	1,065	1,095	1,041	1,158	1,517	1,587	2,051	2,172	2,388	2,391	3,725	4,133	4,381	4,859	4,633	4,536	4,602	5,003	5,286
current	562	689	692	698	737	1,002	1,083	1,318	1,515	1,802	1,769	2,843	3,330	3,741	3,557	3,500	3,724	4,179	4,570	5,250
system	234	357	334	452	377	469	635	778	1,010	1,248	1,500	2,505	3,041	3,456	3,526	3,466	3,641	4,076	4,605	5,087
module	109	169	133	170	148	190	404	456	572	789	1,124	1,706	2,418	2,768	2,950	2,781	3,049	3,410	4,216	4,770
connected	331	375	383	434	395	640	666	708	956	1,208	1,450	2,245	2,899	3,314	3,275	3,021	3,218	3,613	4,251	4,761
secondary	318	405	376	469	475	701	919	963	1,049	1,159	1,382	2,506	3,146	3,343	3,396	3,432	3,512	3,113	3,588	4,374
circuit	562	574	639	649	748	1,125	1,172	1,310	1,576	1,986	1,724	2,682	3,055	3,531	3,479	3,420	3,423	3,973	4,631	4,583
energy	144	210	255	350	337	410	415	697	882	1,076	1,598	2,230	2,722	2,964	2,991	2,720	2,898	3,459	3,745	4,302
supply	272	332	456	384	495	696	767	847	946	1,021	1,382	2,227	2,664	3,045	3,169	2,789	2,691	2,972	3,419	3,631
active	269	298	334	318	382	456	665	755	838	848	1,059	1,820	2,528	2,677	2,819	2,802	2,442	2,673	2,902	3,770
electrolyte	223	364	303	290	351	404	533	560	655	496	607	1,202	1,734	1,946	2,261	2,199	2,381	2,222	2,988	3,596
plate	244	400	234	283	288	420	616	503	536	555	745	1,535	2,077	2,007	1,957	2,067	2,100	2,095	2,981	3,654
surface	288	286	277	303	328	463	566	605	826	823	936	1,546	2,075	2,151	2,576	2,548	2,843	2,903	3,634	4,318
terminal	349	458	443	435	496	647	822	784	856	968	1,230	1,947	2,443	3,037	2,822	2,687	2,886	3,153	3,310	3,484
portion	232	285	157	192	220	286	519	356	599	637	763	1,358	1,639	1,892	1,849	1,791	2,336	2,843	3,306	3,387
plurality	157	237	148	206	177	319	387	427	597	643	763	1,505	1,920	2,164	2,123	2,132	2,302	2,510	3,382	3,727
present	179	190	170	160	161	281	268	350	395	403	534	844	1,297	1,541	2,501	2,564	2,899	3,174	3,626	3,968
side	176	254	179	191	177	348	447	457	620	595	818	1,323	1,833	2,065	2,182	2,089	1,991	2,398	2,736	3,361
charge	391	446	369	404	480	573	562	776	940	1,221	1,262	1,899	2,434	2,448	2,562	2,188	2,092	2,233	2,065	2,467
solution	205	295	398	419	416	573	661	683	750	927	888	1,512	1,961	2,302	2,213	2,040	1,997	1,666	1,912	2,304
body	148	180	161	283	196	281	331	398	486	549	850	1,164	1,395	1,608	1,650	1,464	1,734	1,858	2,487	2,882
pack	161	199	117	237	235	291	419	535	501	601	625	1,034	1,409	1,442	1,396	1,182	1,436	1,604	1,766	2,440
element	305	275	333	269	305	468	584	556	721	788	839	1,333	1,928	1,831	2,081	2,025	1,957	2,162	2,350	2,646
temperature	261	308	232	242	200	316	488	552	604	730	769	1,058	1,349	1,518	1,490	1,481	1,720	1,613	2,071	2,730
state	174	216	240	231	290	299	411	469	577	645	770	1,069	1,495	1,915	1,892	1,851	1,821	1,897	2,354	2,817
configured	23	25	22	45	65	74	135	147	239	376	555	754	1,020	1,384	1,622	1,830	1,950	2,425	2,701	2,861
wireless	8	17	32	38	39	87	56	67	105	204	333	393	804	1,272	1,734	1,678	1,929	2,212	1,848	1,879
heat	62	73	82	82	112	132	196	226	273	289	429	687	909	1,143	964	1,039	1,073	1,177	1,594	2,356
electrical	174	193	270	274	298	374	417	526	613	744	915	1,320	1,844	1,797	1,779	1,734	1,998	2,005	2,409	2,605
value	232	270	243	203	295	342	404	570	638	728	752	1,196	1,455	1,603	1,872	2,015	1,753	1,804	1,808	2,225
connection	116	129	169	161	142	235	276	295	397	462	510	894	1,260	1,295	1,427	1,250	1,324	1,563	1,988	2,257
metal	306	319	287	271	345	423	392	499	564	572	706	1,096	1,503	1,554	1,736	1,678	1,798	1,805	1,991	2,556
direction	58	80	53	88	93	140	228	206	300	286	311	592	956	1,038	1,173	1,024	1,192	1,325	1,658	2,150
collector	106	101	89	116	124	218	218	319	374	459	440	807	1,060	1,167	1,012	818	903	943	1,549	1,840
housing	149	141	118	125	166	273	342	388	410	473	474	784	928	1,292	1,352	1,212	1,356	1,557	2,115	2,303

highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery	2,541	2,428	2,298	2,541	2,354	2,395	2,434	2,550	2,432	2,377	2,344	2,534	2,345	2,379	2,246	2,177	2,264	2,170	2,223	2,343
power	831	858	1,060	1,113	1,126	1,128	1,123	1,171	1,249	1,292	1,452	1,522	1,486	1,599	1,639	1,564	1,492	1,605	1,366	1,243
electrode	793	791	633	725	878	874	1,070	875	825	854	834	1,060	1,036	1,041	1,013	1,051	1,024	970	1,081	1,122
voltage	735	915	967	874	899	969	812	955	876	850	708	723	612	587	612	599	579	545	517	480
charging	559	546	616	611	615	543	538	494	626	663	709	650	704	777	679	651	724	799	732	812
circuit	576	493	564	545	581	718	599	610	635	707	511	521	452	473	438	442	437	471	479	416
unit	229	311	322	327	332	404	472	476	420	502	610	671	721	757	630	666	621	641	625	589
cell	536	568	449	457	410	367	521	473	479	513	572	580	665	673	600	548	556	487	519	530
device	519	522	542	663	668	676	686	684	825	834	978	816	878	930	913	870	903	923	893	900
part	163	174	261	315	269	361	386	328	319	323	357	375	468	434	411	343	309	303	385	341
control	365	393	330	354	411	427	368	473	418	507	472	495	506	548	473	466	477	534	498	469
material	613	503	641	584	533	600	616	622	582	557	597	621	663	647	664	679	598	597	583	638
plate	250	344	207	238	224	268	315	234	216	198	221	298	307	269	247	267	268	248	308	332
vehicle	137	178	199	169	200	181	171	217	236	280	394	360	390	401	346	314	283	338	375	474
storage	228	232	254	306	224	250	227	274	359	308	407	411	447	452	448	411	463	472	400	415
energy	148	180	225	294	262	262	212	325	356	383	473	433	403	397	377	352	370	410	387	391
portion	238	245	139	161	171	183	265	166	242	227	226	264	243	254	233	232	298	337	342	307
current	576	592	611	586	572	640	554	614	611	642	524	552	493	501	448	453	476	495	472	477
supply	279	285	403	322	384	444	392	395	381	364	409	432	394	408	399	361	344	352	353	330
lithium	455	468	437	435	491	431	459	415	414	426	447	484	485	425	434	488	504	420	442	514
electric	235	272	253	274	251	314	271	263	359	364	416	442	447	452	361	339	290	321	329	340
layer	256	254	296	284	269	366	341	387	349	345	319	358	370	394	382	377	419	411	498	559
charge	401	383	326	339	373	366	287	361	379	435	374	369	360	328	323	283	267	265	213	224
system	240	307	295	380	293	299	325	362	407	444	444	486	450	463	444	448	465	483	476	462
secondary	326	348	332	394	369	448	470	449	423	413	409	486	466	448	428	444	449	369	371	397
electrolyte	229	313	268	243	273	258	273	261	264	177	180	233	257	261	285	284	304	263	309	326
solution	210	253	352	352	323	366	338	318	302	330	263	293	290	308	279	264	255	197	198	209
connected	339	322	338	364	307	409	341	330	385	430	430	436	429	444	413	391	411	428	439	432
copyright	17	13	24	176	207	251	224	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
jpo	17	13	24	176	207	251	224	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
case	210	194	143	113	92	190	218	136	170	151	141	181	198	201	192	176	170	155	135	143
capacitor	98	149	165	144	155	216	133	189	114	142	116	94	94	96	76	80	76	89	66	64
plurality	161	204	131	173	137	204	198	199	241	229	226	292	284	290	268	276	294	297	349	338
element	313	236	294	226	237	299	299	259	291	281	249	259	285	245	262	262	250	256	243	240
pack	165	171	103	199	182	186	214	249	202	214	185	201	209	193	176	153	183	190	182	221
particle	167	138	173	118	176	175	166	227	174	162	182	138	159	166	158	191	201	187	192	203
cover	81	114	84	100	99	73	123	109	100	136	213	122	119	107	106	89	97	111	134	118
body	152	155	142	238	152	179	169	185	196	196	252	226	206	215	208	189	221	220	257	262
time	203	181	185	158	168	186	145	204	164	196	135	162	173	168	151	153	148	184	133	130
module	112	145	117	143	115	121	207	212	231	281	333	331	358	371	372	360	389	404	436	433
ncipi	5	3	4	11	120	232	138	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
member	99	145	126	132	149	140	161	116	158	222	190	139	180	183	166	156	170	186	186	179
coil	42	42	41	60	48	70	37	57	77	107	148	115	149	215	204	227	225	214	177	137
wireless	8	15	28	32	30	56	29	31	42	73	99	76	119	170	218	217	246	262	191	171
present	184	163	150	134	125	179	137	163	159	144	158	164	192	206	315	332	370	376	375	360
aqueous	102	125	135	106	153	135	169	145	180	119	102	128	160	143	152	143	148	106	104	114
side	181	218	158	160	137	222	229	213	250	212	242	257	271	277	275	270	254	284	283	305
active	276	256	295	267	297	291	340	352	338	302	314	353	374	359	355	362	312	317	300	342
temperature	268	265	205	203	155	202	250	257	244	260	228	205	200	203	188	192	220	191	214	248
inpit	11	9	14	18	16	19	86	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Abstracts - bigrams

growing_list_abstract_2, shrinking_list_abstract_2, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2, growing_list_abstract_2_scaled, shrinking_list_abstract_2_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2_scaled = growing_keywords(
    2,
    'appln_abstract'
)

N-grams created
N-grams counted
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created

growing_list_abstract_2[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
secondary battery	229	281	282	350	384	595	776	833	858	946	1,135	2,154	2,652	2,790	2,842	2,861	2,794	2,592	3,001	3,722
active material	236	249	267	279	286	366	584	641	713	764	911	1,651	2,234	2,408	2,422	2,430	2,132	2,331	2,554	3,334
battery cell	80	77	45	67	102	112	182	260	249	329	574	1,116	1,452	2,007	1,890	1,818	1,784	1,729	2,111	2,851
power supply	163	201	292	247	310	503	546	577	709	673	987	1,483	1,817	2,078	2,287	1,984	1,885	2,133	2,430	2,611
battery pack	149	173	109	210	225	251	383	467	459	558	567	951	1,263	1,312	1,290	1,067	1,337	1,495	1,638	2,255
electrode active	91	86	84	122	157	175	248	284	296	372	448	1,020	1,312	1,341	1,415	1,446	1,347	1,352	1,471	2,102
battery module	27	52	38	37	27	30	188	132	177	201	287	528	816	1,034	1,065	842	1,001	1,130	1,567	1,814
energy storage	28	61	61	65	66	72	105	171	292	274	389	615	737	947	921	847	1,012	1,360	1,463	1,653
current collector	61	54	57	62	70	126	124	213	238	293	314	544	638	702	655	541	646	717	1,158	1,477
lithium ion	85	98	111	114	105	172	183	222	288	327	484	813	1,174	1,109	1,207	1,321	1,347	1,208	1,347	1,423
storage device	48	53	47	68	63	60	70	131	270	224	461	564	815	949	1,024	826	866	1,265	1,054	1,357
material layer	18	14	39	39	43	102	124	156	151	204	196	400	463	638	584	488	396	587	741	1,058
power storage	17	13	24	30	9	21	15	90	176	107	297	287	724	686	860	717	866	1,087	851	994
electric vehicle	27	20	6	12	11	13	26	20	62	93	277	415	656	778	495	493	408	639	551	955
battery electrode	66	63	51	71	101	117	170	186	176	201	240	462	626	641	616	671	704	745	750	959
electrically connected	29	30	20	27	49	89	81	110	142	187	233	318	485	589	564	569	595	661	879	917
control unit	43	44	38	53	54	82	94	115	115	206	254	395	641	847	626	661	639	690	768	913
solid electrolyte	13	31	15	7	18	12	23	12	33	26	56	150	141	249	207	236	306	419	574	843
lithium secondary	57	119	82	75	124	134	204	145	135	185	227	348	465	500	496	428	508	382	548	845
aqueous electrolyte	60	98	78	80	133	156	242	237	309	230	234	463	668	668	795	727	740	549	646	827
ion battery	16	26	41	31	17	49	58	83	99	121	201	331	482	442	476	556	667	632	775	752
electrode plate	60	127	43	59	107	112	186	128	128	149	152	454	472	437	391	347	454	452	592	749
electrode assembly	27	13	1	20	25	83	175	170	139	180	129	527	569	618	592	730	747	722	833	714
electronic device	50	43	37	78	79	104	146	152	202	246	347	421	445	454	592	640	766	718	730	730
plurality battery	16	39	10	25	27	50	42	66	63	83	90	329	356	451	411	382	419	430	568	693
wireless power	0	0	0	1	1	1	3	4	19	61	116	154	387	584	826	832	899	949	751	646
electric power	61	93	74	100	77	130	112	127	306	291	318	680	847	828	673	754	546	632	679	696
power source	108	123	108	138	206	173	250	267	279	346	329	458	539	685	627	725	605	729	711	743
charging device	25	15	43	30	31	31	54	55	95	89	167	189	347	401	406	375	427	439	510	623
wireless charging	0	0	0	0	3	1	4	0	6	10	51	65	141	262	346	341	544	725	547	590
storage battery	63	77	67	115	84	127	133	137	112	148	173	383	583	688	656	656	818	619	554	635
control device	24	27	18	32	34	31	51	80	99	85	132	224	335	397	399	452	387	385	487	582
electrode material	59	58	52	71	92	106	100	93	98	121	172	280	385	353	430	534	421	382	441	613
electrode current	7	8	16	13	16	23	29	50	58	107	97	148	209	178	164	192	231	237	433	558
bus bar	0	7	4	13	4	1	24	15	12	42	46	99	185	261	356	244	238	305	542	548
charging station	3	1	2	0	3	6	10	13	22	44	128	138	211	268	159	197	267	281	284	541
present disclosure	0	0	0	0	0	4	1	3	4	4	31	29	23	78	144	236	273	391	444	517
power transmission	1	5	1	4	6	3	3	16	60	162	154	162	413	597	708	767	612	722	614	504
electrical energy	11	23	33	46	48	53	43	97	98	123	209	210	359	366	319	292	357	357	429	513
layer electrode	4	6	15	11	14	22	34	46	58	83	72	161	206	240	247	251	258	267	404	503
motor vehicle	22	14	20	18	43	22	39	60	39	49	89	160	241	233	202	136	184	153	271	507
lithium metal	11	14	20	31	25	29	23	39	36	26	19	50	90	103	107	99	203	161	288	485
electrode terminal	12	15	23	28	34	30	97	88	74	117	182	219	346	394	375	326	341	425	432	485
vehicle battery	11	16	18	19	46	37	30	37	57	79	109	159	206	210	223	178	159	211	281	483
embodiment present	0	1	2	2	2	5	3	8	21	10	22	47	49	101	258	299	399	350	481	439
solid state	3	4	0	17	5	7	17	13	24	12	20	45	59	128	119	95	128	216	285	434
material lithium	32	42	35	50	63	74	59	76	70	127	158	267	376	329	399	407	368	305	289	458
voltage battery	51	75	71	57	78	68	105	129	115	169	167	247	317	356	314	283	299	334	338	463
charging discharging	38	75	61	60	59	57	67	100	100	123	160	229	390	451	496	368	362	439	367	436
electrolyte secondary	26	39	47	48	71	76	113	119	184	137	123	225	315	304	461	442	434	299	271	421

growing_list_abstract_2_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
battery cell	82	66	40	56	79	72	93	121	100	117	170	217	215	269	238	235	228	205	218	259
battery module	28	45	34	31	21	19	96	61	71	72	85	102	121	139	134	109	128	134	162	165
energy storage	29	52	54	55	51	46	54	80	118	98	115	119	109	127	116	110	129	161	151	150
secondary battery	235	241	249	294	298	380	397	388	346	337	336	418	392	374	358	370	357	307	310	338
electrode active	93	74	74	102	122	112	127	132	119	132	133	198	194	180	178	187	172	160	152	191
material layer	18	12	34	33	33	65	63	73	61	73	58	78	69	85	74	63	51	70	77	96
storage device	49	46	42	57	49	38	36	61	109	80	137	109	121	127	129	107	111	150	109	123
power storage	17	11	21	25	7	13	8	42	71	38	88	56	107	92	108	93	111	129	88	90
current collector	63	46	50	52	54	80	63	99	96	104	93	106	94	94	83	70	83	85	120	134
power supply	167	173	258	207	241	321	279	269	286	240	292	288	269	278	288	257	241	253	251	237
solid electrolyte	13	27	13	6	14	8	12	6	13	9	17	29	21	33	26	31	39	50	59	77
active material	242	214	236	234	222	234	299	299	288	272	270	320	331	323	305	314	272	276	264	303
electric vehicle	28	17	5	10	9	8	13	9	25	33	82	81	97	104	62	64	52	76	57	87
wireless power	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	2	8	22	34	30	57	78	104	108	115	112	78	59
wireless charging	0	0	0	0	2	1	2	0	2	4	15	13	21	35	44	44	69	86	57	54
electrically connected	30	26	18	23	38	57	41	51	57	67	69	62	72	79	71	74	76	78	91	83
battery pack	153	149	96	176	175	160	196	218	185	199	168	185	187	176	163	138	171	177	169	205
ion battery	16	22	36	26	13	31	30	39	40	43	60	64	71	59	60	72	85	75	80	68
bus bar	0	6	4	11	3	1	12	7	5	15	14	19	27	35	45	32	30	36	56	50
present disclosure	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	1	2	1	9	6	3	10	18	31	35	46	46	47
plurality battery	16	34	9	21	21	32	21	31	25	30	27	64	53	60	52	49	54	51	59	63
charging station	3	1	2	0	2	4	5	6	9	16	38	27	31	36	20	25	34	33	29	49
power transmission	1	4	1	3	5	2	2	7	24	58	46	31	61	80	89	99	78	86	63	46
electrode current	7	7	14	11	12	15	15	23	23	38	29	29	31	24	21	25	30	28	45	51
lithium ion	87	84	98	96	82	110	94	103	116	116	143	158	174	149	152	171	172	143	139	129
layer electrode	4	5	13	9	11	14	17	21	23	30	21	31	30	32	31	32	33	32	42	46
embodiment present	0	1	2	2	2	3	2	4	8	4	7	9	7	14	33	39	51	41	50	40
control unit	44	38	34	45	42	52	48	54	46	73	75	77	95	113	79	85	82	82	79	83
electrode assembly	28	11	1	17	19	53	90	79	56	64	38	102	84	83	75	94	95	86	86	65
solid state	3	3	0	14	4	4	9	6	10	4	6	9	9	17	15	12	16	26	29	39
electrical energy	11	20	29	39	37	34	22	45	40	44	62	41	53	49	40	38	46	42	44	47
electrode layer	1	9	5	3	9	15	14	17	19	23	8	23	23	27	23	20	15	18	33	35
lithium metal	11	12	18	26	19	19	12	18	15	9	6	10	13	14	13	13	26	19	30	44
vehicle battery	11	14	16	16	36	24	15	17	23	28	32	31	30	28	28	23	20	25	29	44
electrode terminal	12	13	20	24	26	19	50	41	30	42	54	43	51	53	47	42	44	50	45	44
unit configured	0	1	0	1	1	3	2	2	7	10	11	14	16	17	17	29	28	24	23	31
charging device	26	13	38	25	24	20	28	26	38	32	49	37	51	54	51	48	55	52	53	57
storage system	1	6	3	8	4	8	6	16	15	15	16	25	24	29	31	25	29	28	33	32
battery management	1	4	7	5	8	6	8	20	21	12	14	20	26	29	20	31	25	26	29	31
storage unit	7	8	35	17	12	12	15	28	42	38	39	34	38	33	34	32	28	37	39	36
state battery	6	13	18	11	18	14	14	21	17	17	18	13	18	24	22	17	18	20	25	35
coating layer	4	7	4	11	9	12	16	24	10	8	13	12	20	21	26	28	34	17	24	33
management system	4	6	11	6	5	8	8	20	21	16	13	23	28	30	28	30	24	30	30	33
temperature control	0	1	3	2	1	1	11	2	4	3	6	9	11	12	6	9	11	7	13	28
vehicle charging	0	1	1	0	1	1	2	0	3	9	22	20	28	30	19	15	16	16	20	28
control device	25	23	16	27	26	20	26	37	40	30	39	43	50	53	50	58	49	46	50	53
module battery	5	7	4	8	5	6	6	7	10	11	20	18	23	24	24	20	20	22	27	33
electrode mixture	0	0	3	3	1	1	23	9	17	17	16	19	19	20	14	20	26	18	27	28
direct current	7	16	15	18	16	32	16	22	29	27	31	29	23	30	32	29	33	33	35	34
electrode tab	0	1	4	8	16	3	23	19	17	16	12	17	14	16	17	17	26	27	34	27

shrinking_list_abstract_2[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
absorbing alloy	34	34	9	6	2	2	3	22	4	6	3	1	5	0	2	8	13	4	15	0
hydrogen absorbing	34	34	10	6	2	2	3	27	4	6	4	1	5	0	2	10	13	4	15	1
copyright jpo	17	15	27	210	267	393	438	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polarity type	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0
rest period	18	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	5	1	0	3	2	3	4	3	2
independent claim	16	15	12	18	21	14	15	14	12	25	29	42	44	50	55	0	0	0	0	0
solid solution	18	9	8	6	8	1	4	7	2	10	1	16	20	31	30	56	16	7	6	4
nickel hydroxide	22	53	37	29	8	11	15	11	3	13	2	5	24	9	46	6	9	16	16	10
pc card	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium manganate	13	9	3	0	6	5	5	11	5	8	18	3	4	1	6	4	0	12	6	1
modular casing	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0
detector detecting	19	7	5	3	6	6	5	4	3	13	5	12	14	10	10	16	12	5	10	7
diameter mum	11	5	6	1	8	3	0	8	7	0	1	5	2	3	2	0	2	0	2	0
electronic machine	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
tool housing	15	4	1	7	1	1	8	8	2	2	3	8	4	2	1	6	6	2	9	4
cellular telephone	12	11	2	0	2	5	4	1	1	2	5	6	5	1	4	2	5	1	0	1
jpo inpit	11	11	16	21	20	29	169	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
portable information	18	4	1	1	0	2	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	19	3	9	2	8	3	7
electrode alkaline	13	18	17	6	2	7	12	5	1	6	11	3	5	4	2	7	2	1	8	3
charge pulse	11	8	0	0	1	2	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	5	2	1	0	4	1
portable telephone	10	29	24	7	8	5	6	6	10	0	3	0	6	1	3	0	7	0	0	0
cap cover	11	0	2	0	1	0	1	2	0	5	1	4	0	1	3	1	11	6	3	1
ac generator	10	22	9	9	5	2	3	10	14	2	1	17	0	18	10	10	6	5	6	1
remaining charge	12	7	7	1	0	0	0	7	1	3	3	12	17	2	9	4	8	5	6	3
personal computer	13	22	4	8	5	4	0	5	0	0	1	0	0	4	11	7	1	1	0	4
group element	29	3	6	3	16	4	9	14	9	11	23	18	18	11	12	17	21	26	11	20
period followed	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
storage alloy	18	38	21	5	19	38	23	29	5	33	22	24	11	8	10	20	3	4	11	9
mobile telephone	13	11	17	16	12	12	25	5	2	11	16	7	5	12	23	12	5	1	7	4
regulator circuit	9	2	2	1	2	4	3	1	3	1	5	3	8	9	5	2	8	3	4	0
case material	8	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	3	2	1	0	1	1	1	3	0
cadmium electrode	8	0	1	1	0	0	0	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polyolefin fiber	8	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
medium passage	10	2	0	0	5	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	9	2	2	2	3	0	3	2
nuclear particle	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
anode extension	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrolyte injecting	8	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
residue rate	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
metallic porous	8	0	0	1	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
function section	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	2
type collector	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
hydrogen storage	21	43	24	13	25	42	41	35	10	36	27	27	13	12	25	37	11	7	16	13
radio communication	10	1	0	2	1	1	4	2	6	6	2	2	5	23	19	20	15	16	7	2
directional switch	8	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
anode body	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	1	0	0	0	1	0	7	2	0	0
discharge pulse	12	5	0	0	4	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	4
storing mean	8	1	4	0	2	1	0	2	6	1	1	2	10	0	4	9	0	0	4	0
sim card	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	0	1	0	2	0	1	0	0	1
fluid plug	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
storage casing	8	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

shrinking_list_abstract_2_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
lithium manganese	58	46	24	23	5	4	10	7	6	5	5	11	9	10	10	8	9	4	5	6
battery charger	55	35	48	65	58	43	41	32	33	31	36	28	20	19	16	14	13	8	14	7
charging current	73	51	57	39	46	56	58	41	58	51	31	36	30	36	25	28	33	27	26	28
power source	111	106	95	116	160	110	128	124	112	123	97	89	80	92	79	94	77	86	73	67
battery voltage	59	80	72	70	88	68	52	61	51	52	25	29	27	18	28	24	25	21	16	17
element group	54	17	19	14	17	22	17	21	12	18	17	12	12	9	7	12	14	18	8	12
battery charging	68	51	48	39	49	38	49	50	49	48	49	38	35	43	34	29	33	46	31	31
electrochemical cell	56	55	41	16	39	15	36	27	31	24	36	26	34	27	28	24	23	27	26	21
absorbing alloy	35	29	8	5	2	1	2	10	2	2	1	0	1	0	0	1	2	0	2	0
hydrogen absorbing	35	29	9	5	2	1	2	13	2	2	1	0	1	0	0	1	2	0	2	0
charge discharge	70	66	59	76	61	56	68	75	82	77	69	65	75	71	66	72	64	50	41	38
lead acid	41	40	22	42	33	19	13	12	21	15	12	15	14	10	12	12	14	14	14	11
control signal	50	17	28	11	46	29	33	37	32	33	31	31	36	32	28	24	29	30	27	21
group element	30	3	5	3	12	3	5	7	4	4	7	3	3	1	2	2	3	3	1	2
rechargeable battery	65	53	83	55	72	77	70	84	90	80	82	80	56	42	61	48	58	34	39	38
output voltage	52	58	74	51	64	63	56	46	52	41	45	43	34	38	34	39	38	35	32	26
battery case	61	59	48	38	31	54	42	31	39	38	31	33	38	47	37	31	29	25	29	35
charging battery	52	41	48	36	46	45	42	31	50	51	34	37	33	28	26	29	25	29	28	27
electric current	31	9	11	11	10	13	15	9	13	15	6	12	11	9	10	6	10	8	8	7
manganese oxide	26	27	11	10	12	5	4	8	3	3	4	6	8	7	3	4	4	3	5	2
battery charge	32	23	18	19	40	19	18	27	22	24	17	18	18	17	17	14	10	14	9	9
battery container	26	15	8	10	4	22	5	1	3	3	8	8	10	11	5	8	5	4	1	3
secondary cell	31	57	36	41	41	15	32	6	17	19	14	10	23	22	22	21	25	14	14	9
nickel hydroxide	23	46	33	24	6	7	8	5	1	5	1	1	4	1	6	1	1	2	2	1
control circuit	56	70	53	57	53	66	54	67	66	73	41	58	43	32	43	36	37	44	49	35
battery charged	30	27	38	27	24	23	14	29	26	24	14	18	15	13	15	10	9	10	10	9
discharge capacity	28	11	17	24	11	12	13	12	13	9	16	14	14	14	12	14	10	8	8	7
hydrogen storage	22	37	21	11	19	27	21	16	4	13	8	5	2	2	3	5	1	1	2	1
charge storage	23	6	5	1	3	8	3	4	7	6	7	10	5	7	4	7	6	6	3	2
acid battery	29	29	19	36	28	19	10	8	19	11	9	11	9	9	10	11	13	13	12	9
battery temperature	36	34	21	29	18	30	20	32	12	20	15	13	14	13	13	10	13	12	13	17
rechargeable lithium	23	23	12	3	8	10	4	8	11	8	7	10	6	2	8	5	7	3	2	4
supply voltage	29	26	40	18	16	27	26	32	15	19	19	12	14	13	12	13	9	7	10	10
detector detecting	19	6	4	3	5	4	3	2	1	5	1	2	2	1	1	2	2	1	1	1
battery terminal	26	31	32	24	20	29	21	14	15	14	17	18	11	8	10	10	9	10	10	7
reference voltage	25	15	28	13	18	27	29	20	25	24	23	16	17	10	10	11	8	7	6	6
rest period	18	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
solid solution	18	8	7	5	6	1	2	3	1	4	0	3	3	4	4	7	2	1	1	0
current detector	19	1	4	3	0	3	1	3	4	3	3	3	2	2	1	1	0	1	1	1
portable information	18	3	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	1	0	1
charge voltage	22	7	15	11	9	10	6	10	6	12	6	8	7	5	6	2	5	4	3	4
storage alloy	18	33	19	4	15	24	12	14	2	12	7	5	2	1	1	3	0	0	1	1
control mean	22	11	11	13	26	15	15	12	10	12	7	7	10	10	12	8	5	3	5	4
copyright jpo	17	13	24	176	207	251	224	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
alloy electrode	18	15	4	1	10	3	5	3	2	4	4	2	2	1	1	1	1	0	1	1
period time	22	10	5	11	8	9	16	15	14	10	5	11	11	6	9	7	8	9	5	4
charge current	23	20	11	17	9	16	10	26	19	20	14	12	9	8	10	2	6	6	4	6
external power	34	19	17	18	20	15	19	22	26	23	27	30	27	24	24	24	19	21	21	17
polarity type	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
independent claim	16	13	11	15	16	9	8	7	5	9	9	8	7	7	7	0	0	0	0	0

highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
secondary battery	229	281	282	350	384	595	776	833	858	946	1,135	2,154	2,652	2,790	2,842	2,861	2,794	2,592	3,001	3,722
active material	236	249	267	279	286	366	584	641	713	764	911	1,651	2,234	2,408	2,422	2,430	2,132	2,331	2,554	3,334
battery cell	80	77	45	67	102	112	182	260	249	329	574	1,116	1,452	2,007	1,890	1,818	1,784	1,729	2,111	2,851
power supply	163	201	292	247	310	503	546	577	709	673	987	1,483	1,817	2,078	2,287	1,984	1,885	2,133	2,430	2,611
battery pack	149	173	109	210	225	251	383	467	459	558	567	951	1,263	1,312	1,290	1,067	1,337	1,495	1,638	2,255
battery module	27	52	38	37	27	30	188	132	177	201	287	528	816	1,034	1,065	842	1,001	1,130	1,567	1,814
storage device	48	53	47	68	63	60	70	131	270	224	461	564	815	949	1,024	826	866	1,265	1,054	1,357
electrode active	91	86	84	122	157	175	248	284	296	372	448	1,020	1,312	1,341	1,415	1,446	1,347	1,352	1,471	2,102
power storage	17	13	24	30	9	21	15	90	176	107	297	287	724	686	860	717	866	1,087	851	994
electric vehicle	27	20	6	12	11	13	26	20	62	93	277	415	656	778	495	493	408	639	551	955
energy storage	28	61	61	65	66	72	105	171	292	274	389	615	737	947	921	847	1,012	1,360	1,463	1,653
lithium ion	85	98	111	114	105	172	183	222	288	327	484	813	1,174	1,109	1,207	1,321	1,347	1,208	1,347	1,423
current collector	61	54	57	62	70	126	124	213	238	293	314	544	638	702	655	541	646	717	1,158	1,477
material layer	18	14	39	39	43	102	124	156	151	204	196	400	463	638	584	488	396	587	741	1,058
electric power	61	93	74	100	77	130	112	127	306	291	318	680	847	828	673	754	546	632	679	696
aqueous electrolyte	60	98	78	80	133	156	242	237	309	230	234	463	668	668	795	727	740	549	646	827
lithium secondary	57	119	82	75	124	134	204	145	135	185	227	348	465	500	496	428	508	382	548	845
control unit	43	44	38	53	54	82	94	115	115	206	254	395	641	847	626	661	639	690	768	913
storage battery	63	77	67	115	84	127	133	137	112	148	173	383	583	688	656	656	818	619	554	635
power transmission	1	5	1	4	6	3	3	16	60	162	154	162	413	597	708	767	612	722	614	504
electrode assembly	27	13	1	20	25	83	175	170	139	180	129	527	569	618	592	730	747	722	833	714
wireless power	0	0	0	1	1	1	3	4	19	61	116	154	387	584	826	832	899	949	751	646
jpo inpit	11	11	16	21	20	29	169	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
copyright jpo	17	15	27	210	267	393	438	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrode plate	60	127	43	59	107	112	186	128	128	149	152	454	472	437	391	347	454	452	592	749
rechargeable battery	63	62	94	66	93	120	137	180	224	224	278	410	378	311	483	375	457	287	382	420
power receiving	2	0	2	10	8	9	5	18	15	86	96	118	248	413	625	333	299	315	372	251
power source	108	123	108	138	206	173	250	267	279	346	329	458	539	685	627	725	605	729	711	743
solid electrolyte	13	31	15	7	18	12	23	12	33	26	56	150	141	249	207	236	306	419	574	843
battery electrode	66	63	51	71	101	117	170	186	176	201	240	462	626	641	616	671	704	745	750	959
ion battery	16	26	41	31	17	49	58	83	99	121	201	331	482	442	476	556	667	632	775	752
electrically connected	29	30	20	27	49	89	81	110	142	187	233	318	485	589	564	569	595	661	879	917
wireless charging	0	0	0	0	3	1	4	0	6	10	51	65	141	262	346	341	544	725	547	590
electrode material	59	58	52	71	92	106	100	93	98	121	172	280	385	353	430	534	421	382	441	613
electrolyte secondary	26	39	47	48	71	76	113	119	184	137	123	225	315	304	461	442	434	299	271	421
control circuit	55	81	60	68	68	103	106	143	164	206	140	297	293	238	343	282	289	370	470	385
plurality battery	16	39	10	25	27	50	42	66	63	83	90	329	356	451	411	382	419	430	568	693
motor vehicle	22	14	20	18	43	22	39	60	39	49	89	160	241	233	202	136	184	153	271	507
charging discharging	38	75	61	60	59	57	67	100	100	123	160	229	390	451	496	368	362	439	367	436
bus bar	0	7	4	13	4	1	24	15	12	42	46	99	185	261	356	244	238	305	542	548
battery cover	13	11	10	16	26	28	64	64	37	80	351	168	85	104	50	42	52	69	108	109
material lithium	32	42	35	50	63	74	59	76	70	127	158	267	376	329	399	407	368	305	289	458
ion secondary	12	29	18	30	33	63	72	74	76	84	168	270	368	433	462	523	431	355	311	378
electronic device	50	43	37	78	79	104	146	152	202	246	347	421	445	454	592	640	766	718	730	730
unit cell	1	9	5	25	16	33	146	99	49	48	67	121	272	177	141	155	126	145	223	213
battery unit	25	32	20	26	15	51	41	38	52	105	139	218	336	377	254	269	233	293	388	368
charging station	3	1	2	0	3	6	10	13	22	44	128	138	211	268	159	197	267	281	284	541
control device	24	27	18	32	34	31	51	80	99	85	132	224	335	397	399	452	387	385	487	582
power reception	2	0	0	0	0	4	6	6	2	34	69	62	159	288	222	325	222	245	291	210
jpo ncipi	5	3	5	13	154	364	269	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
power supply	167	173	258	207	241	321	279	269	286	240	292	288	269	278	288	257	241	253	251	237
copyright jpo	17	13	24	176	207	251	224	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
secondary battery	235	241	249	294	298	380	397	388	346	337	336	418	392	374	358	370	357	307	310	338
jpo ncipi	5	3	4	11	120	232	138	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery cell	82	66	40	56	79	72	93	121	100	117	170	217	215	269	238	235	228	205	218	259
jpo inpit	11	9	14	18	16	19	86	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery pack	153	149	96	176	175	160	196	218	185	199	168	185	187	176	163	138	171	177	169	205
power storage	17	11	21	25	7	13	8	42	71	38	88	56	107	92	108	93	111	129	88	90
storage device	49	46	42	57	49	38	36	61	109	80	137	109	121	127	129	107	111	150	109	123
electrode plate	62	109	38	50	83	72	95	60	52	53	45	88	70	59	49	45	58	54	61	68
active material	242	214	236	234	222	234	299	299	288	272	270	320	331	323	305	314	272	276	264	303
electric power	63	80	65	84	60	83	57	59	123	104	94	132	125	111	85	98	70	75	70	63
electrode assembly	28	11	1	17	19	53	90	79	56	64	38	102	84	83	75	94	95	86	86	65
battery module	28	45	34	31	21	19	96	61	71	72	85	102	121	139	134	109	128	134	162	165
power source	111	106	95	116	160	110	128	124	112	123	97	89	80	92	79	94	77	86	73	67
electrode active	93	74	74	102	122	112	127	132	119	132	133	198	194	180	178	187	172	160	152	191
lithium secondary	58	102	72	63	96	86	104	68	54	66	67	68	69	67	62	55	65	45	57	77
aqueous electrolyte	62	84	69	67	103	100	124	110	125	82	69	90	99	90	100	94	95	65	67	75
electric vehicle	28	17	5	10	9	8	13	9	25	33	82	81	97	104	62	64	52	76	57	87
storage battery	65	66	59	97	65	81	68	64	45	53	51	74	86	92	83	85	104	73	57	58
energy storage	29	52	54	55	51	46	54	80	118	98	115	119	109	127	116	110	129	161	151	150
lithium ion	87	84	98	96	82	110	94	103	116	116	143	158	174	149	152	171	172	143	139	129
battery cover	13	9	9	13	20	18	33	30	15	28	104	33	13	14	6	5	7	8	11	10
rechargeable battery	65	53	83	55	72	77	70	84	90	80	82	80	56	42	61	48	58	34	39	38
carbon material	13	15	65	20	10	34	16	29	18	22	37	18	21	27	25	24	19	18	24	18
current collector	63	46	50	52	54	80	63	99	96	104	93	106	94	94	83	70	83	85	120	134
material layer	18	12	34	33	33	65	63	73	61	73	58	78	69	85	74	63	51	70	77	96
power transmission	1	4	1	3	5	2	2	7	24	58	46	31	61	80	89	99	78	86	63	46
unit cell	1	8	4	21	12	21	75	46	20	17	20	23	40	24	18	20	16	17	23	19
electronic device	51	37	33	65	61	66	75	71	81	88	103	82	66	61	75	83	98	85	75	66
control circuit	56	70	53	57	53	66	54	67	66	73	41	58	43	32	43	36	37	44	49	35
plurality battery	16	34	9	21	21	32	21	31	25	30	27	64	53	60	52	49	54	51	59	63
electrochemical cell	56	55	41	16	39	15	36	27	31	24	36	26	34	27	28	24	23	27	26	21
wireless power	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	2	8	22	34	30	57	78	104	108	115	112	78	59
electrolyte secondary	27	34	42	40	55	49	58	55	74	49	36	44	47	41	58	57	55	35	28	38
secondary cell	31	57	36	41	41	15	32	6	17	19	14	10	23	22	22	21	25	14	14	9
circuit board	31	17	24	39	26	43	46	40	47	61	39	41	30	32	29	26	42	28	35	30
power receiving	2	0	2	8	6	6	3	8	6	31	28	23	37	55	79	43	38	37	38	23
control unit	44	38	34	45	42	52	48	54	46	73	75	77	95	113	79	85	82	82	79	83
ion battery	16	22	36	26	13	31	30	39	40	43	60	64	71	59	60	72	85	75	80	68
battery voltage	59	80	72	70	88	68	52	61	51	52	25	29	27	18	28	24	25	21	16	17
solid electrolyte	13	27	13	6	14	8	12	6	13	9	17	29	21	33	26	31	39	50	59	77
charging current	73	51	57	39	46	56	58	41	58	51	31	36	30	36	25	28	33	27	26	28
control signal	50	17	28	11	46	29	33	37	32	33	31	31	36	32	28	24	29	30	27	21
battery electrode	68	54	45	60	78	75	87	87	71	72	71	90	93	86	78	87	90	88	78	87
motor vehicle	23	12	18	15	33	14	20	28	16	17	26	31	36	31	25	18	23	18	28	46
electrical energy	11	20	29	39	37	34	22	45	40	44	62	41	53	49	40	38	46	42	44	47
state charge	13	40	46	16	31	41	25	26	32	42	35	36	31	31	37	40	37	30	26	26
electrode material	61	50	46	60	71	68	51	43	40	43	51	54	57	47	54	69	54	45	46	56
electrically connected	30	26	18	23	38	57	41	51	57	67	69	62	72	79	71	74	76	78	91	83

Abstracts - trigrams

growing_list_abstract_3, shrinking_list_abstract_3, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3, growing_list_abstract_3_scaled, shrinking_list_abstract_3_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3_scaled = growing_keywords(
    3,
    'appln_abstract'
)

N-grams created
N-grams counted
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created
Difference over whole timespan calculated
Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated
Positive change plot created
Negative change plot created
Absolute change plot created

growing_list_abstract_3[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
electrode active material	89	82	72	121	136	157	241	278	294	356	427	991	1,253	1,288	1,323	1,386	1,273	1,308	1,382	1,990
active material layer	17	9	29	27	37	96	114	143	134	188	186	364	419	553	499	383	336	510	619	883
lithium secondary battery	46	91	72	65	112	128	192	140	124	178	222	340	451	487	490	410	492	374	540	844
lithium ion battery	15	26	41	31	16	49	58	83	99	121	197	321	476	421	449	520	618	568	702	685
energy storage device	5	41	27	39	33	20	44	70	109	94	147	183	224	367	367	277	370	538	576	648
secondary battery electrode	29	27	21	25	55	82	113	109	95	122	146	286	417	422	384	400	419	441	435	593
electrode current collector	7	7	10	12	15	15	24	46	57	104	96	135	206	171	155	172	215	226	412	539
power storage device	11	3	7	10	2	8	4	30	69	37	183	166	317	310	361	311	311	524	293	394
electrolyte secondary battery	25	27	41	36	65	74	110	118	180	129	113	214	301	269	437	425	412	286	264	405
aqueous electrolyte secondary	24	38	45	46	67	75	111	116	182	135	121	216	307	289	456	427	421	284	248	390
plurality battery cell	3	1	3	1	7	9	10	28	26	29	32	135	175	229	177	206	212	232	314	351
ion secondary battery	10	25	15	23	32	58	68	73	75	81	162	261	331	409	428	468	388	337	300	357
power supply device	11	3	25	7	20	28	35	28	84	60	80	140	227	259	285	222	228	256	281	348
lithium ion secondary	12	29	18	30	33	63	72	74	76	84	164	270	366	418	442	506	379	342	291	345
current collector electrode	5	8	6	4	8	11	12	27	37	45	56	127	113	114	138	97	137	138	217	323
active material lithium	17	24	16	28	27	36	36	43	48	65	100	168	256	183	225	255	222	177	160	266
cathode active material	6	10	23	31	9	28	59	49	44	64	92	79	146	168	199	182	168	198	211	247
power supply system	7	20	25	18	27	21	32	52	47	59	82	150	187	162	165	145	166	185	218	241
energy storage system	0	7	0	8	2	11	6	25	35	32	46	93	80	116	121	106	138	165	200	222
electrode mixture layer	0	0	0	3	0	0	4	14	25	38	26	56	87	93	89	111	151	98	170	219
solid electrolyte layer	5	2	1	0	3	0	3	3	19	11	21	48	46	92	43	70	68	105	126	208
solid state battery	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	2	5	4	3	11	29	58	49	29	33	53	95	198
layer electrode active	3	1	2	3	3	5	6	17	12	20	30	60	71	93	85	112	102	105	120	200
battery management system	0	3	3	1	2	3	11	30	39	20	22	61	91	113	97	147	107	139	163	185
material layer electrode	2	0	1	3	3	11	15	19	9	30	34	76	79	89	82	86	74	101	91	178
energy storage unit	1	1	21	1	4	7	20	16	26	47	43	81	78	78	44	94	92	101	201	176
secondary battery lithium	6	15	4	10	8	13	10	13	21	25	40	46	69	69	90	96	106	70	125	177
anode active material	6	2	4	15	14	20	58	61	65	55	77	80	92	113	211	108	74	117	166	175
transition metal oxide	3	7	3	9	3	10	20	18	13	28	38	49	54	68	91	132	106	80	83	167
active material particle	4	6	12	6	14	19	41	32	32	36	38	57	94	93	93	150	161	213	199	164
collector electrode active	1	2	4	1	3	6	4	15	13	15	28	68	44	92	109	67	67	72	82	157
active material electrode	27	23	13	15	20	20	32	34	37	40	52	107	119	126	118	161	128	131	123	182
electrical energy storage	1	3	10	15	18	3	16	38	15	28	52	32	89	116	74	77	79	100	125	153
wireless power transmission	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	13	23	33	115	105	183	172	154	223	143	148
redox flow battery	0	0	8	12	2	1	0	0	0	2	2	22	44	30	50	93	86	102	120	146
power storage element	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13	11	10	4	46	58	93	112	160	162	170	143
material electrode active	7	4	4	5	5	14	11	18	17	33	27	50	82	77	69	84	89	70	84	146
aqueous electrolyte solution	4	11	5	0	11	13	12	12	22	14	31	42	64	62	70	47	55	38	89	143
material lithium ion	5	10	3	13	5	17	12	18	23	33	63	106	162	134	153	181	142	125	126	140
power transmission device	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	2	30	27	41	53	92	121	173	96	113	136	134
lithium transition metal	8	16	6	19	24	31	20	19	36	29	42	74	75	82	106	138	112	87	112	138
battery module plurality	1	4	0	2	0	5	17	3	15	15	18	52	62	71	65	71	60	64	117	127
material lithium secondary	11	22	21	21	33	32	27	27	26	50	54	81	125	105	134	99	102	80	84	130
electric vehicle charging	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	5	9	25	48	93	113	65	53	38	50	64	118
battery cell electrode	0	1	4	1	1	2	2	8	2	11	14	24	30	59	42	43	53	47	72	117
battery electrode active	5	7	9	13	21	14	22	44	25	36	39	77	128	120	115	133	111	133	102	122
power supply circuit	10	12	27	14	11	25	12	44	38	26	31	59	71	59	73	37	63	101	100	127
control unit configured	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	2	6	6	9	13	34	34	42	46	50	62	61	114
state secondary battery	0	4	2	1	3	3	4	5	9	9	16	23	31	41	28	27	57	96	45	112
electrode lithium secondary	4	8	11	10	17	19	8	13	17	19	29	39	31	48	35	28	38	39	74	114

# Export as PNG
dfi.export(growing_list_abstract_3[2], 'growing_list_abstract_3.png')

[0127/154901.440324:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154901.475756:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0
[0127/154901.479309:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154902.870299:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmp8tmek4ae/temp.png.
[0127/154903.245856:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154903.246959:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0
[0127/154903.249477:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154904.427297:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmpnylwyix1/temp.png.
[0127/154904.922269:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154904.923836:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0
[0127/154904.925903:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154906.429141:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmp50qgroiq/temp.png.

growing_list_abstract_3_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
electrode active material	91	70	64	102	106	100	123	129	119	127	126	192	185	173	167	179	163	155	143	181
active material layer	17	8	26	23	29	61	58	67	54	67	55	71	62	74	63	50	43	60	64	80
energy storage device	5	35	24	33	26	13	23	33	44	33	44	36	33	49	46	36	47	64	60	59
lithium ion battery	15	22	36	26	12	31	30	39	40	43	58	62	70	56	57	67	79	67	73	62
electrode current collector	7	6	9	10	12	10	12	21	23	37	28	26	30	23	20	22	27	27	43	49
lithium secondary battery	47	78	64	55	87	82	98	65	50	63	66	66	67	65	62	53	63	44	56	77
plurality battery cell	3	1	3	1	5	6	5	13	10	10	9	26	26	31	22	27	27	27	32	32
power storage device	11	3	6	8	2	5	2	14	28	13	54	32	47	42	45	40	40	62	30	36
current collector electrode	5	7	5	3	6	7	6	13	15	16	17	25	17	15	17	13	17	16	22	29
secondary battery electrode	30	23	19	21	43	52	58	51	38	43	43	56	62	57	48	52	54	52	45	54
ion secondary battery	10	21	13	19	25	37	35	34	30	29	48	51	49	55	54	61	50	40	31	32
power supply device	11	3	22	6	16	18	18	13	34	21	24	27	34	35	36	29	29	30	29	32
energy storage system	0	6	0	7	2	7	3	12	14	11	14	18	12	16	15	14	18	20	21	20
electrode mixture layer	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	7	10	14	8	11	13	12	11	14	19	12	18	20
lithium ion secondary	12	25	16	25	26	40	37	34	31	30	49	52	54	56	56	65	48	41	30	31
solid state battery	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	2	1	1	2	4	8	6	4	4	6	10	18
battery management system	0	3	3	1	2	2	6	14	16	7	7	12	13	15	12	19	14	16	17	17
cathode active material	6	9	20	26	7	18	30	23	18	23	27	15	22	23	25	24	21	23	22	22
layer electrode active	3	1	2	3	2	3	3	8	5	7	9	12	11	12	11	14	13	12	12	18
energy storage unit	1	1	19	1	3	4	10	7	10	17	13	16	12	10	6	12	12	12	21	16
power supply system	7	17	22	15	21	13	16	24	19	21	24	29	28	22	21	19	21	22	23	22
material layer electrode	2	0	1	3	2	7	8	9	4	11	10	15	12	12	10	11	9	12	9	16
solid electrolyte layer	5	2	1	0	2	0	2	1	8	4	6	9	7	12	5	9	9	12	13	19
wireless power transmission	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	5	7	6	17	14	23	22	20	26	15	13
redox flow battery	0	0	7	10	2	1	0	0	0	1	1	4	7	4	6	12	11	12	12	13
collector electrode active	1	2	4	1	2	4	2	7	5	5	8	13	7	12	14	9	9	9	8	14
electrical energy storage	1	3	9	13	14	2	8	18	6	10	15	6	13	16	9	10	10	12	13	14
power transmission device	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	11	8	8	8	12	15	22	12	13	14	12
transition metal oxide	3	6	3	8	2	6	10	8	5	10	11	10	8	9	11	17	14	9	9	15
power storage element	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	4	3	1	7	8	12	14	20	19	18	13
electrolyte secondary battery	26	23	36	30	50	47	56	55	73	46	33	42	45	36	55	55	53	34	27	37
aqueous electrolyte secondary	25	33	40	39	52	48	57	54	73	48	36	42	45	39	57	55	54	34	26	35
active material particle	4	5	11	5	11	12	21	15	13	13	11	11	14	12	12	19	21	25	21	15
electric vehicle charging	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	3	7	9	14	15	8	7	5	6	7	11
battery cell electrode	0	1	4	1	1	1	1	4	1	4	4	5	4	8	5	6	7	6	7	11
battery module plurality	1	3	0	2	0	3	9	1	6	5	5	10	9	10	8	9	8	8	12	12
control unit configured	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	2	3	3	5	5	5	6	6	7	6	10
state secondary battery	0	3	2	1	2	2	2	2	4	3	5	4	5	5	4	3	7	11	5	10
secondary battery lithium	6	13	4	8	6	8	5	6	8	9	12	9	10	9	11	12	14	8	13	16
anode active material	6	2	4	13	11	13	30	28	26	20	23	16	14	15	27	14	9	14	17	16
current collector layer	0	0	1	2	2	1	2	0	0	0	1	1	1	5	2	1	2	4	10	9
aqueous electrolyte solution	4	9	4	0	9	8	6	6	9	5	9	8	9	8	9	6	7	5	9	13
unmanned aerial vehicle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	4	13	16	8
plurality battery module	1	4	1	6	1	2	4	6	1	4	3	10	7	7	6	4	8	5	11	9
electrode active substance	1	2	9	0	14	10	3	1	1	2	4	4	7	6	11	7	8	4	7	9
present electrode active	0	2	2	2	1	1	1	2	1	2	2	7	5	3	7	7	9	8	7	8
power receiving device	0	0	0	0	2	3	0	3	1	12	6	8	11	16	22	14	10	10	12	8
solid state secondary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	2	1	2	1	1	6	8	3	8
solid electrolyte material	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	3	4	5	3	1	2	4	4	8
power storage system	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	4	0	1	1	4	7	7	10	6	9	4	8	8

# Export as PNG
dfi.export(growing_list_abstract_3_scaled[2], 'growing_list_abstract_3_scaled.png')

[0127/154907.988633:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154907.990193:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0
[0127/154907.992631:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154908.898468:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmp0jcvdl0i/temp.png.
[0127/154909.278530:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154909.279630:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0
[0127/154909.281076:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154910.441620:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmphvvdtu_g/temp.png.
[0127/154910.936825:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154910.937841:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0
[0127/154910.939799:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1)
[0127/154912.419529:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmp3j4qy40i/temp.png.

shrinking_list_abstract_3[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
hydrogen absorbing alloy	34	34	9	6	2	2	3	22	4	6	3	1	5	0	2	8	13	4	15	0
temperature detection section	12	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
charge storage device	15	3	2	0	2	3	4	2	2	8	4	10	8	4	4	6	9	17	3	3
copyright jpo inpit	11	11	16	21	20	29	169	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
absorbing alloy electrode	11	8	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0
safety valve element	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery safety valve	10	1	0	0	3	0	0	2	0	4	3	7	3	1	2	0	0	2	1	0
portable information terminal	13	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18	3	9	2	8	3	3
lithium secondary cell	11	27	10	10	11	6	12	4	11	6	5	8	11	13	3	17	14	6	6	1
hydrogen storage alloy	18	36	21	5	19	38	23	29	5	33	22	24	11	6	10	20	3	4	11	9
information storage device	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	1	0	0	0	0	0
absorbing alloy powder	9	5	3	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	5	4	0	0
bi directional switch	8	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
rest period followed	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
double layer capacitor	14	30	26	19	31	38	41	34	13	31	27	29	28	23	33	13	10	7	8	6
cooling medium passage	10	2	0	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	2	3	0	0	2
current detector detecting	8	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	4	4	4	1	1	1	0	1	0
battery storage casing	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polarity type electrode	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polarity type collector	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
main anode body	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
function predetermined time	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium ion polymer	7	3	7	2	1	0	0	2	3	1	2	3	1	1	3	3	1	6	0	0
signal processing section	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
voltage supply terminal	7	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	5	1	0	0	0	0	0
ion polymer battery	7	1	5	1	0	0	0	2	3	1	1	3	1	0	2	0	1	6	0	0
power feed mean	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
voltage change rate	7	2	0	3	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	2	0	3	4	0
conductive porous body	7	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
hydrogen generating system	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
output voltage vout	7	3	0	1	3	2	0	0	1	3	3	1	8	2	8	0	0	1	1	0
metallic porous body	7	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
good charge discharge	7	2	1	3	0	2	2	2	0	0	3	0	3	5	7	6	4	7	0	0
medium passage side	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
anode body portion	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
residual battery capacity	6	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	2	2	0	0	4	0
solar array system	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium manganese z	7	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	4	1	0	0	1
anode extension portion	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
large secondary battery	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
z lithium manganese	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
consumption current detector	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
signaling device cm	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
circuit controlling charging	7	3	0	1	1	6	1	3	1	3	3	2	0	4	5	3	1	3	5	1
electronic monitoring package	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
predetermined time period	10	2	2	2	4	1	0	8	6	2	3	6	4	11	12	8	2	12	10	4
lithium manganese oxide	20	17	11	6	0	2	1	3	0	3	4	26	19	27	13	13	14	13	15	14
current detector charging	7	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
sintered cadmium electrode	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
consumer usage recorder	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

shrinking_list_abstract_3_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
hydrogen absorbing alloy	35	29	8	5	2	1	2	10	2	2	1	0	1	0	0	1	2	0	2	0
lithium manganese oxide	21	15	10	5	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	5	3	4	2	2	2	2	2	1
lead acid battery	27	29	19	36	28	17	10	8	19	11	9	11	9	9	10	11	13	12	12	9
hydrogen storage alloy	18	31	19	4	15	24	12	14	2	12	7	5	2	1	1	3	0	0	1	1
external power source	21	6	5	6	8	8	11	11	8	9	10	9	5	9	9	9	7	9	6	4
charge discharge cycle	21	16	11	16	19	10	13	16	15	13	11	10	9	10	6	7	7	5	4	5
charge storage device	15	3	2	0	2	2	2	1	1	3	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	2	0	0
rechargeable lithium battery	17	19	9	2	6	7	2	7	8	6	5	10	4	2	7	4	5	1	1	3
alkaline storage battery	15	28	17	16	13	13	13	8	2	4	4	3	2	0	2	2	0	0	0	1
double layer capacitor	14	26	23	16	24	24	21	16	5	11	8	6	4	3	4	2	1	1	1	1
portable information terminal	13	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	0
temperature detection section	12	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electric double layer	12	13	12	13	22	22	18	14	3	10	6	4	4	2	3	1	1	1	1	1
copyright jpo inpit	11	9	14	18	16	19	86	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
absorbing alloy electrode	11	7	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium secondary cell	11	23	9	8	9	4	6	2	4	2	1	2	2	2	0	2	2	1	1	0
active material electrode	28	20	11	13	16	13	16	16	15	14	15	21	18	17	15	21	16	16	13	17
polyolefin microporous film	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	0	0	1	2	1	1	0	0	1	1
safety valve element	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery safety valve	10	1	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
cooling medium passage	10	2	0	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
predetermined time period	10	2	2	2	3	1	0	4	2	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	0	1	1	0
nickel metal hydride	10	10	10	4	3	3	5	5	2	2	2	0	3	1	3	0	0	0	1	1
information storage device	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
absorbing alloy powder	9	4	3	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
alkaline secondary battery	9	0	4	1	0	0	1	1	2	0	0	0	1	2	1	2	0	1	2	0
transition metal compound	9	4	2	0	4	6	1	2	4	4	3	2	2	2	1	1	1	0	0	0
charging control circuit	10	1	4	2	2	0	4	7	2	8	1	3	2	1	2	1	0	1	2	2
iron cobalt nickel	9	3	3	3	2	1	5	2	1	4	1	2	3	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
power supply controller	9	0	1	0	1	1	4	1	1	1	4	2	1	0	1	2	1	2	3	1
bi directional switch	8	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
rest period followed	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
current detector detecting	8	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
battery storage casing	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polarity type electrode	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
polarity type collector	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
mobile phone battery	8	1	2	6	2	0	1	0	0	4	0	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
electric power converter	8	0	0	2	2	0	1	0	0	0	2	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0
surface treated steel	8	7	1	2	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
treated steel sheet	8	7	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
electrical system battery	8	4	1	3	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
manganese iron cobalt	8	3	2	2	2	1	4	2	0	4	1	1	4	1	1	1	1	1	0	1
battery charging current	8	1	4	1	2	4	3	2	3	3	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1
control circuit controlling	8	6	4	6	2	3	3	4	3	5	2	3	2	3	2	2	1	2	1	1
battery charging device	9	4	3	3	2	6	3	5	4	3	5	2	3	3	3	4	1	2	2	2
main anode body	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
function predetermined time	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
lithium ion polymer	7	3	6	2	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
signal processing section	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
voltage supply terminal	7	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0

highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
electrode active material	89	82	72	121	136	157	241	278	294	356	427	991	1,253	1,288	1,323	1,386	1,273	1,308	1,382	1,990
lithium secondary battery	46	91	72	65	112	128	192	140	124	178	222	340	451	487	490	410	492	374	540	844
active material layer	17	9	29	27	37	96	114	143	134	188	186	364	419	553	499	383	336	510	619	883
copyright jpo inpit	11	11	16	21	20	29	169	440	495	604	484	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
power storage device	11	3	7	10	2	8	4	30	69	37	183	166	317	310	361	311	311	524	293	394
lithium ion battery	15	26	41	31	16	49	58	83	99	121	197	321	476	421	449	520	618	568	702	685
aqueous electrolyte secondary	24	38	45	46	67	75	111	116	182	135	121	216	307	289	456	427	421	284	248	390
electrolyte secondary battery	25	27	41	36	65	74	110	118	180	129	113	214	301	269	437	425	412	286	264	405
energy storage device	5	41	27	39	33	20	44	70	109	94	147	183	224	367	367	277	370	538	576	648
lithium ion secondary	12	29	18	30	33	63	72	74	76	84	164	270	366	418	442	506	379	342	291	345
copyright jpo ncipi	5	3	5	13	154	364	269	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
secondary battery electrode	29	27	21	25	55	82	113	109	95	122	146	286	417	422	384	400	419	441	435	593
ion secondary battery	10	25	15	23	32	58	68	73	75	81	162	261	331	409	428	468	388	337	300	357
electrode current collector	7	7	10	12	15	15	24	46	57	104	96	135	206	171	155	172	215	226	412	539
active material lithium	17	24	16	28	27	36	36	43	48	65	100	168	256	183	225	255	222	177	160	266
power supply device	11	3	25	7	20	28	35	28	84	60	80	140	227	259	285	222	228	256	281	348
anode active material	6	2	4	15	14	20	58	61	65	55	77	80	92	113	211	108	74	117	166	175
power storage unit	2	7	6	10	0	5	0	27	49	21	24	15	96	34	101	56	42	75	59	93
plurality battery cell	3	1	3	1	7	9	10	28	26	29	32	135	175	229	177	206	212	232	314	351
current collector electrode	5	8	6	4	8	11	12	27	37	45	56	127	113	114	138	97	137	138	217	323
cathode active material	6	10	23	31	9	28	59	49	44	64	92	79	146	168	199	182	168	198	211	247
power supply unit	6	15	20	9	8	24	41	36	75	25	50	93	132	166	155	137	115	134	133	109
wireless power transmission	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	13	23	33	115	105	183	172	154	223	143	148
power receiving device	0	0	0	0	3	5	0	6	3	35	20	39	71	116	172	109	81	88	118	90
electrode mixture layer	0	0	0	3	0	0	4	14	25	38	26	56	87	93	89	111	151	98	170	219
power supply system	7	20	25	18	27	21	32	52	47	59	82	150	187	162	165	145	166	185	218	241
energy storage unit	1	1	21	1	4	7	20	16	26	47	43	81	78	78	44	94	92	101	201	176
electrical energy storage	1	3	10	15	18	3	16	38	15	28	52	32	89	116	74	77	79	100	125	153
material lithium ion	5	10	3	13	5	17	12	18	23	33	63	106	162	134	153	181	142	125	126	140
solid electrolyte layer	5	2	1	0	3	0	3	3	19	11	21	48	46	92	43	70	68	105	126	208
battery management system	0	3	3	1	2	3	11	30	39	20	22	61	91	113	97	147	107	139	163	185
printed circuit board	9	3	8	1	7	16	24	16	13	22	26	48	41	48	31	46	83	41	114	71
portable electronic device	7	15	13	27	9	16	39	40	32	86	92	107	80	88	74	98	71	28	41	31
energy storage system	0	7	0	8	2	11	6	25	35	32	46	93	80	116	121	106	138	165	200	222
power receiving coil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	4	16	5	38	72	122	42	39	46	82	45
power supply circuit	10	12	27	14	11	25	12	44	38	26	31	59	71	59	73	37	63	101	100	127
power transmission device	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	2	30	27	41	53	92	121	173	96	113	136	134
transition metal oxide	3	7	3	9	3	10	20	18	13	28	38	49	54	68	91	132	106	80	83	167
collector electrode active	1	2	4	1	3	6	4	15	13	15	28	68	44	92	109	67	67	72	82	157
battery electrode active	5	7	9	13	21	14	22	44	25	36	39	77	128	120	115	133	111	133	102	122
dc power supply	8	3	5	6	6	11	14	32	11	17	11	44	73	21	51	43	70	41	42	64
power reception device	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	1	5	9	15	43	80	61	118	75	89	118	74
lithium transition metal	8	16	6	19	24	31	20	19	36	29	42	74	75	82	106	138	112	87	112	138
active material particle	4	6	12	6	14	19	41	32	32	36	38	57	94	93	93	150	161	213	199	164
material lithium secondary	11	22	21	21	33	32	27	27	26	50	54	81	125	105	134	99	102	80	84	130
electric power supply	2	7	5	10	6	10	16	11	27	19	18	57	41	48	40	83	27	44	52	89
wireless power transmitter	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	7	8	42	67	106	116	88	152	84	76
aqueous electrolyte battery	8	12	6	7	9	14	30	35	33	25	14	53	93	81	44	56	60	89	54	41
active material electrode	27	23	13	15	20	20	32	34	37	40	52	107	119	126	118	161	128	131	123	182
aqueous secondary battery	5	7	3	4	12	6	8	15	45	18	14	35	83	65	59	61	54	84	109	78

highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3_scaled[2]

	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
copyright jpo ncipi	5	3	4	11	120	232	138	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
copyright jpo inpit	11	9	14	18	16	19	86	205	200	215	143	97	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
electrode active material	91	70	64	102	106	100	123	129	119	127	126	192	185	173	167	179	163	155	143	181
lithium secondary battery	47	78	64	55	87	82	98	65	50	63	66	66	67	65	62	53	63	44	56	77
active material layer	17	8	26	23	29	61	58	67	54	67	55	71	62	74	63	50	43	60	64	80
power storage device	11	3	6	8	2	5	2	14	28	13	54	32	47	42	45	40	40	62	30	36
energy storage device	5	35	24	33	26	13	23	33	44	33	44	36	33	49	46	36	47	64	60	59
electrolyte secondary battery	26	23	36	30	50	47	56	55	73	46	33	42	45	36	55	55	53	34	27	37
aqueous electrolyte secondary	25	33	40	39	52	48	57	54	73	48	36	42	45	39	57	55	54	34	26	35
lithium ion battery	15	22	36	26	12	31	30	39	40	43	58	62	70	56	57	67	79	67	73	62
secondary battery electrode	30	23	19	21	43	52	58	51	38	43	43	56	62	57	48	52	54	52	45	54
lithium ion secondary	12	25	16	25	26	40	37	34	31	30	49	52	54	56	56	65	48	41	30	31
power supply device	11	3	22	6	16	18	18	13	34	21	24	27	34	35	36	29	29	30	29	32
ion secondary battery	10	21	13	19	25	37	35	34	30	29	48	51	49	55	54	61	50	40	31	32
cathode active material	6	9	20	26	7	18	30	23	18	23	27	15	22	23	25	24	21	23	22	22
hydrogen storage alloy	18	31	19	4	15	24	12	14	2	12	7	5	2	1	1	3	0	0	1	1
portable electronic device	7	13	11	23	7	10	20	19	13	31	27	21	12	12	9	13	9	3	4	3
power supply unit	6	13	18	8	6	15	21	17	30	9	15	18	20	22	20	18	15	16	14	10
power storage unit	2	6	5	8	0	3	0	13	20	7	7	3	14	5	13	7	5	9	6	8
anode active material	6	2	4	13	11	13	30	28	26	20	23	16	14	15	27	14	9	14	17	16
energy storage unit	1	1	19	1	3	4	10	7	10	17	13	16	12	10	6	12	12	12	21	16
active material lithium	17	21	14	24	21	23	18	20	19	23	30	33	38	25	28	33	28	21	17	24
power supply circuit	10	10	24	12	9	16	6	20	15	9	9	11	11	8	9	5	8	12	10	12
electrode current collector	7	6	9	10	12	10	12	21	23	37	28	26	30	23	20	22	27	27	43	49
lead acid battery	27	29	19	36	28	17	10	8	19	11	9	11	9	9	10	11	13	12	12	9
electrical energy storage	1	3	9	13	14	2	8	18	6	10	15	6	13	16	9	10	10	12	13	14
power supply voltage	9	8	20	6	6	5	9	18	4	6	10	4	4	6	7	5	4	3	4	5
material lithium ion	5	9	3	11	4	11	6	8	9	12	19	21	24	18	19	23	18	15	13	13
power supply system	7	17	22	15	21	13	16	24	19	21	24	29	28	22	21	19	21	22	23	22
lithium transition metal	8	14	5	16	19	20	10	9	15	10	12	14	11	11	13	18	14	10	12	13
energy storage system	0	6	0	7	2	7	3	12	14	11	14	18	12	16	15	14	18	20	21	20
printed circuit board	9	3	7	1	5	10	12	7	5	8	8	9	6	6	4	6	11	5	12	6
electrode active substance	1	2	9	0	14	10	3	1	1	2	4	4	7	6	11	7	8	4	7	9
battery electrode active	5	6	8	11	16	9	11	20	10	13	12	15	19	16	14	17	14	16	11	11
aqueous secondary battery	5	6	3	3	9	4	4	7	18	6	4	7	12	9	7	8	7	10	11	7
double layer capacitor	14	26	23	16	24	24	21	16	5	11	8	6	4	3	4	2	1	1	1	1
active material particle	4	5	11	5	11	12	21	15	13	13	11	11	14	12	12	19	21	25	21	15
rechargeable lithium battery	17	19	9	2	6	7	2	7	8	6	5	10	4	2	7	4	5	1	1	3
lithium sulfur battery	0	0	6	6	18	4	2	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	4	9	5	15	11	8
lead storage battery	0	3	7	10	4	13	6	0	6	4	6	0	5	4	3	4	5	4	3	3
plurality battery cell	3	1	3	1	5	6	5	13	10	10	9	26	26	31	22	27	27	27	32	32
current collector electrode	5	7	5	3	6	7	6	13	15	16	17	25	17	15	17	13	17	16	22	29
material secondary battery	3	6	2	7	4	6	1	7	5	6	2	3	9	5	4	4	4	11	5	6
battery electrode assembly	4	1	0	2	3	8	16	15	12	11	6	19	15	13	8	12	13	10	8	7
open circuit voltage	5	8	11	13	16	9	11	12	16	15	4	11	9	10	14	15	12	6	5	6
material lithium secondary	11	19	19	18	26	20	14	13	10	18	16	16	18	14	17	13	13	9	9	12
dc power supply	8	3	4	5	5	7	7	15	4	6	3	9	11	3	6	6	9	5	4	6
transition metal oxide	3	6	3	8	2	6	10	8	5	10	11	10	8	9	11	17	14	9	9	15
voltage secondary battery	8	4	9	11	5	13	4	9	5	7	5	9	5	6	5	4	2	3	1	2
aqueous electrolytic solution	7	3	12	3	5	6	5	4	5	2	4	4	10	4	4	9	7	6	2	3